lOMoAR cPSD| 45315597 lOMoAR cPSD| 45315597
HỘI CÁC TRƯỜNG CHUYÊN
VÙNG DUYÊN HẢI & ĐỒNG BẰNG BẮC BỘ
ĐỀ THI MÔN: ANH VĂN
TRƯỜNG THPT CHUYÊN HƯNG YÊN
KHỐI 11 - LẦN THỨ IX
ĐỀ THI ĐỀ XUẤT NĂM 2016
Thời gian làm bài: 180 phút
(Đề thi gồm 19 trang) SECTION I. LISTENING
Part 1. You will hear an interview on a train with two friends, Jane and
Chris, chef who both won prizes in the National Railway Chef of the
Year competition. Choose the correct answer A, B, C, or D. You will
hear the recording twice. (10 pts)
1. What was Chris’s attitude to the competition?
A. He was worried about the quality of his dishes.
B. He was afraid time might be a bit of a problem.
C. He admitted he’d been looking forward to the challenge.
D. he said conditions were similar to his routine.
2. Jane admitted that the greatest problem she faced during the competition was having to
A. work in a very small space.
B. be original when travelling at speed. C. prepare a meal so quickly.
D. create a meal with so little money.
3. What do both Chris and Jane feel is unique about their job?
A. the close contact with the customers
B. the necessary to do everything the same time
C. the opportunity to be creative 1 lOMoAR cPSD| 45315597
D. the need to be focused on the job
4. What do Chris and Jane feel about what they cook on board the train?
A. They approve of the menus created for them.
B. They consider themselves more adventurous than other chefs.
C. They would like to have more freedom of choice.
D. They are happy to adapt their ideas to suit the job.
5. What is often Jane’s initial reaction when things spill over?
A. She asks another member of staff to help her clear up.
B. She blames the train driver for the accident.
C. She feels herself to keep a closer watch next time.
D. She says nasty things to the other staff. Listening script
Greg: Serving more than 200,000 meals a year would be a challenge for any
chef, but step up constraints of time, space and a demand for culinary
excellence and you have the life of a railway chef. Chris and Jane, the idea of
having to cook in cramped surroundings, with limited ingredients and a very
tight schedule, as you did in the recent competition, must have been a terrifying prospect…
Chris: Well hardly – I actually operate under those restrictions every day!
Jane: That’s true, of course, we both do- but there ‘s always the added
danger that things can go wrong, and the challenge of preparing a top-
quality, three-course meal for four – which costs no more than £ 50m – and in front of all those judges!
Greg: Well, Jane, you were a runner up and Chris came first. I gather you
faced some stiff competition form the other finalists.
Jane: No doubt about that. All the chefs who entered the competition were
brilliant in their own way – but someone has to win! But the real problem is
trying to be creative, as the train hurtles through the countryside at over 100
miles an hour – there’s little room for mistakes- and you have to be able to keep your balance! 2 lOMoAR cPSD| 45315597
Chris: Actually, I’d only been a railway chef for three months. And I can tell
you that life on board is no easy ride. There ‘s no nipping out to get the
extra bunch of parsley, or a lemon.
Greg: But you ‘re used to working under pressure all the same, aren’t you? How
do you set about being organized?
Chris: You’ve just got to make sure you’re focused on the job. Being able
to keep an eye on a dozen things at once is also an advantage! Greg: But do
you actually enjoy what you ‘re doing?
Jane : There’s plenty of scope to express yourself as a chef in the job – and the
open kitchen means that customers will often compliment you personally on
the food. That’s one of the biggest highlights of the job.
Chris: I’d certainly go along with that. Very few restaurant chefs have
the chance to experience that.
Greg: And what about the menus, who decides what to cook?
Jane: They ‘re decided in advance for the whole railway network by two
extremely famous chefs, who are actually brothers. I suppose we both find it restricting.
Chris: Hmm, I do get a bit frustrated form time to time – think I could be a
little more adventurous – but it’s all a question of adaptability – which I
suspect Jane is better at than I am!
Jane: Not at all – I can be quite inflexible when the mood takes me!
Greg: So what would be a typical routine for you both?
Chris: You have to start at around 5.30 in the morning – check that all the
ingredients have been delivered – then it’s a mad rush to get everything ready.
Jane: And precious little time to rest any other time during the day, as you
often have to set tables ob other trains and help other staff. Timing ‘s
particularly tight, you see. In other restaurants orders come in and go out over
two or three hours, but we have to turn round before the passengers reach their
stations. It’s all a bit nerve –racking.
Greg: So what motivated you to do this in the first place?
Chris: I’ve been on the move ever since I left college. So when I got engaged, I
decided it was time to settle down. So when I saw this job, it seemed a
reasonable compromise between personal commitments any my reluctance to stay in one place.
Jane: for me it was something that just caught my eye – not just ordinary run
of the mill stuff. And, if you get the time, you get a good view out of the windows!
Greg: And how do you stop things form spilling over when the train
moves? Chris: It’s not a problem for me. I was a chef on a liner, so I’ve got
plenty of experience if cookery in motion!
Jane: Yes, but I think it helps if you only half fill saucepans with boiling water
– even so, they often spill over and you start saying nasty things to yourself
about the driver – and it’s not usually his fault!
Chris: Let’s just say that you quickly learn not to put thins under the
grill without keeping an eye on them !
Greg: Has either of you had any major disasters? 3 lOMoAR cPSD| 45315597
Chris: I’d only been in the job for three days and I had this huge roast in the
oven. I opened the door, turned around for a moment, distracted, I suppose
and it just flew out. Fortunately it landed in the sink, so it was okay.
Greg: And what qualities would you say it was necessary for a railway chef to have ?
Jane: From my point of view, dedication and determination – you won’t get anywhere without these!
Chris: And, let ‘s admit it – a sense of humour. There have been times when
I would have resigned long ago if I hadn’t that! Greg: And what of the future?
Chris: Who knows? – perhaps the first chef on a trip to the Moon?
Jane : Now, that would be a challenge! But somehow, I doubt I’ll be with
you on that one. I’m terrified of flying!
Greg: Well, now if you don’ mind, we thought our listeners might be
interested in the recipes for your prize-winning meals….
Part 2. You will hear part of a radio programme. As you listen, decide
the following statements are TRUE (T) or FALSE (F). (10 pts)
1. Kaesong was the capital of the 10th Century Koryo dynasty . T
2. The United Nations has placed the North Korean city of Kaesong on
its list of World Heritage sites. T
3. The North maintains that an earlier southern-based dynasty was the first to unify the country. F
4. The city was eventually in South Korea after the division of the peninsula in 1945. F
5. It later came to be seen as a symbol of reconciliation. T Listening script
Kaesong is one of the few historical sites open to tourists that's not specifically
linked to the Kim family that has ruled North Korea since independence. The
city is held up in the North as a symbol of national reunification as it was the
capital of the 10th Century Koryo dynasty that united the entire peninsula.
North Korean officials attending the UNESCO ceremony stood and clapped the
decision to give the sites World Heritage status. The North has always used its
interpretation of history to boost its case in the struggle for national
sovereignty against South Korea.
The South maintains that an earlier southern-based dynasty was the first to
unify the country. But even the legacy of Kaesong is a sensitive one for the
North's historians. The dynasty marked a high water mark for Buddhism 4 lOMoAR cPSD| 45315597
on the peninsula - a culture that was all but eradicated, along with other
religions, after independence.
The city was initially in South Korea after the division of the peninsula in
1945 but was conquered by northern forces during the Korean War. It later
came to be seen as a symbol of reconciliation - being near the site of a joint
industrial zone established by the two sides after the year 2000. But the
southern-owned factories currently lie idle - closed by the North Koreans
during a recent bout of tension over its rocket and nuclear tests.
Part 3. You will hear a man called Jeremy Baker talking about
different ways of traveling in northern Finland. For question 1- 10 ,
complete the sentences. (20pts)
On his dog sled, the command Jeremy used most often with the dogs was (1) ………stop…….. .
Jeremy’s dog could understand commands in Finnish and (2)……German (too)
……., as well as English.
When traveling by sled, Jeremy tried to focus on the (3)…(white) ear…of the lead dog.
The lead dog is always intelligent and generally (4)… female.. .
Each dog can pull a weight of (5)…30 kg … .
Jeremy had to avoid getting hit by (6)… (tree) branches …..when riding among trees.
At lunchtime, Jeremy’s job was to get (7)…water …..for cooking.
To Jeremy, traveling on a skidoo is like being on a (8)…… speed boat ….. .
Jeremy liked the skidoo except for the fact that it was (9)… noisy.. .
The good thing about riding a skidoo is that your (10)……hands…… don’t get cold. Listening script
Interviewer: Jeremy, I know you've just come back from Finland. And you had
some interesting experiences with transport while you were there, didn't you?
Jeremy: Yes, I did. I spent a week two hundred and fifty kilometres north of
the Arctic Circle, where there were only a few hours of sunlight every day and
the temperature was minus thirty degrees Celsius. But it was a marvellous trip!
What made it really exciting for me was the dogs. I went on a ride across the
snow on a sled pulled by four dogs, or huskies as they're called. They're
amazing animals and I loved getting them to obey my commands. You can
shout left or right to them and they'll obey immediately. But what I found 5 lOMoAR cPSD| 45315597
myself shouting more than anything was the word 'stop' - just to make sure they
knew who was in control! And what was extraordinary about my huskies was
that they obey these commands in more than one language. Obviously, they
understand Finnish, but my guide told me they'll respond to German too. If I'd
been there longer, I'd have taught them some French-just for the fun of it!
Anyway, my guide and I set off on two dog sleds into the frozen Finnish
countryside. To begin with, I was too preoccupied with controlling the dogs to
admire the wonderful scenery. Those huskies certainly love to run! Their
tongues hang out their noses strain forward and their tails stream behind them. I
didn't take my eyes off the lead dog. It had white ears, and if I looked at them,
it helped me concentrate on where we were going.
My lead dog was an exceptionally intelligent animal, though they always have
to be smart. Apparently, they are also usually female. There are male dogs in
the team, too, but they don't take the lead position.
As I said, my sled had four dogs, but you need eight or ten to pull a sled going
with a full load of two hundred kilos. Each individual dog is capable of
hauling thirty kilos, and they seem to do it almost effortlessly.
At first, we were dashing along in the open countryside, but after about an hour
we turned into the forest. We disturbed a few birds, and snow would come
falling down out of the trees. But branches were the things I really had to look
out for. I certainly didn't want to get one in my face!
Eventually, we got to a cabin where we were going to have lunch. My guide
started a fire and set about preparing a meal of reindeer meat, washed down
with juice made from berries that grow in the forest. He sent me off with a
bucket to fetch some water. This involved making a hole in the ice on a nearby
lake. I must say, I was quite nervous that the ice was going to break underneath my weight!
That dog sled ride was the best part of my trip, but there are other exciting ways
to get around on the ice and snow. Another way I tried was riding a skidoo. It's
a great favourite with those of us who love racing about without much purpose,
and some people compare a skidoo to a motorbike; but to my mind it feels much
more like travelling on a speed boat. It's certainly faster than being pulled by
dogs. But, for me, its big disadvantage is that it's very noisy. The sound of the
engine destroys the peace of the countryside. But, thanks to my skidoo, I was
able to travel deep into the wilderness to spend the night in a cabin by a frozen
lake. I'll never forget the incredibly beautiful night sky I saw there. The
advantage of skidoo-riding is that you never have icy hands, however low the
temperature falls. This is thanks to the vehicle's heated handlebars. I wish there
was something similar for your feet.
Interviewer: It sounds like an interesting trip. Would you go back to Finland? Jeremy: Oh, definitely
SECTION II. LEXICO-GRAMMAR 6 lOMoAR cPSD| 45315597
Part 1: Choose the best answer to each of the following questions.(10pts)
1. I’m sorry to …….., but did you happen to mention the same “Fiona”? A. butt in B. cut you C. intercede D. jump
- Butt in: cắt ngang = Cut in = Jump in - Intercede (v): can thiệp
2. John was something………. under his breath, but I didn’t catch what he said. A. whispering B. muttering C. growling D. swallowing
- Whisper (v): thì thầm/ huýt sáo - Mutter (v): lẩm bẩm - Growl (v): gầm rú - Swallow (v): nuốt
3. Don’t take it as ……….that you’ll be promoted in your job; other
colleagues stand a good chance too. A. fixed B. standard C. read D. word
- Take ST as read: xem là điều hiển nhiên
4. According to psychiatrist, many violent criminals habor a feeling of ……… and insecurity. A. insufficiency B. shortage C. inadequacy D. scarcity
- Insufficiency (n): không đủ (thường về mặt số lượng) = Shortage
- Inadequacy (n): cảm giác không đủ tốt
- Scarcity (n): sự khan hiếm
5. It must be true. I heard it straight from the ……….. mouth. A. dog’s B. horse’s C. camel’s D. cat’s
- Hear ST straight from the horse’s mouth: nghe được từ nguồn tin đáng tin cấy
6. I’m fully prepared for my interview and I am confident that I can answer
any questions they may care to …… me. A. throw at B. drop on C. slide to D. roll to
- Throw at: hỏi/ chỉ trích 7 lOMoAR cPSD| 45315597
7. Stephen really lost his………. when his dental appointment was cancelled yet again. A. head B. voice C. calm D. rag
- Lose one’s rag: nổi cơn điên tiết
8. The experimental play was only a ………success, which disappointed the playwright. A. local B. qualified C. reserved D. cautious
- A qualified success: chiến thắng nhưng chỉ được một phần
9. We were working overtime to cope with a sudden ………. in demand. A. boost B. impetus C. surge D. thrust
- Surge (n): sự gia tăng, sự nổi lên một cách nhanh chống - Boost (n): sự tăng lên
- Impetus (n): Sự thúc đẩy
- Thrust (n): cú hích, sự xô đẩy
10. It is very important to check the ……… print in any contract. A. little B. tiny C. small D. minute
- Small print: các điều khoản được in nhỏ
11. I heard ……….that Jack has been dropped from the basketball team. A. In the woods B. on the grapevines C. Under your feet D. on the olive branch
- Hear on the grapevines: nghe loáng thoáng, nghe đồn
12. Jane really ………it on thick when she told the boss that she was not
feeling very well. Unfortunately for her, he realized immediately that she
just wanted the afternoon off. A. put B. spread C. laid D. painted
- Lay it on thick: nói quá, làm quá lên, phóng đại
13. Unfortunately some really ill animals have to be ……..by our center. A. Put down B. turned over C. passed away D. taken out
- Put down: giết (động vật) - Pass away: qua đời - Turn over: lật/chuyển 8 lOMoAR cPSD| 45315597
- Take out: lấy cái gì đó ra/siết áo quần
14. John first dabbled ……..buying old maps for his collection. A. In B. on C. at D. for - Dabble in: học đòi
15. It’s a matter of urgency to put right at once but nothing suitable …….to mind. A. Returns B. emerges C. sprouts D. springs
- Spring to mind: nảy ra ý gì, nghĩ ra cái gì
16. I thought that Wendy’s action was rather out of…………….. A. Personality B. character C. being D. role
- Out of character: bất thường, khác lạ
17. It seems to be a bog tour operators that take the …….share of the profits. A. Lion’s B. snake’s C. tiger’s D. dog’s
- Take the lion’s share: nhận phần trăm lớn nhất
18. Why did you …….and mention the party to George? It was supposed to be a surprise. A. Let the cat out of the bag
B. put the cat among the pigeons C. Have kittens
D. kill two birds with one stone.
- Let the cat out of the bag: tiết lộ bí mật
- Put the cat among the pigeons: gây ra tranh cãi
- Have kittens: buồn, lo lắng, hay giận dữ về cái gì
- Kill two birds with one stone: nhất tiễn song điêu
19. What the treasurer said virtually ………….to a confession. A. Amounted B. came C. stood D. embodied - Amount to: giống như là
20. She’s so ………skinned that nothing offends her.
A. Hard B. thick C. strong D. heavy - Be thick-skinned: dày mặt,
có thể phớt lờ, kìm nén cảm xúc
Part 2: The passage below contains 10 mistakes. Underline the mistakes and
write the correct words in the space provided in the column on the left. (10pts) 9 lOMoAR cPSD| 45315597
Whatever may be said against massive circulation magazines and
newspaper, it can hardly be argued that they are out of touch with their reader's
daydreams, and therefore the inducements they hold out to them must be a mere
accurate reflections of their unfulfilled wants and aspirations. Study these and
you will assured understand a good deal of what it is that making society sick.
Looking back, for example, to the twenties and thirties, we can see what
circulation managers unerringly diagnosed the twin obsessions which
dominated that era of mass unemployment economical insecurity and a
passionate concern for the next generation . Thus, it was that the readers were
recruited with offers of free insurance policies for the one, and free instant
education for the other . The family with breadwinner lost an eye in a double
railway derailment , or an arm in a flood , could confidently expect to collect
several hundreds pounds from the Daily This or the Evening That . The family
who could not afford to send their son to grammar school could find consolation
in equipment him with the complete work of Shakespeare in one magnificent , easy to read volume .
1. massive (lớn về kích thước) → mass (số lượng đông đảo, nhiều)
2. reflections → (phía trước có ‘’a’’) reflection
3. assured → assuredly (trạng từ bổ nghĩa cho động từ understand)
4. making → makes (that thay thế cho ‘’ a good deal of what it is’’ chia động từ số ít)
5. what → that (see that: thấy rằng)
6. economical (tiết kiệm) →economic (thuộc về kinh tế)
7. with (recruit không đi với with) → whose (whose offers: đề nghi của ai)
8. hundreds + of (hàng trăm) → hundred (trăm): trước có several (vài)
9. equipment → equipping SO with ST (trang bị cho ai cái gì)
10.work → works (tác phẩm nghệ thuật)
Part 3: Complete the following sentences with the correct prepositions or
particles. (10pts)
1. The information was hushed…up…..to protect the doctor.
2. You never scared me…to…..death!
3. It was clearly untrue about the money, but I didn’t let…on….that I knew.
4. She couldn’t gloss …over…..the truth any longer. 10 lOMoAR cPSD| 45315597
5. I didn’t do much work, but I’m relieved that I scraped …through…..my exam.
6. My brother’s a real risk-taker: he thrives…on….dangerous sports like hang-gliding.
7. I’m sticking my neck…out…..here, but I think Barton will win the next election.
8. The conference aims to throw light…on….how to manage financial risk.
9. My sister is not the kind of person to seek …out…adventure.
10. I told a lie, but I don’t want to have that ……on….my conscience.
- Hush up ST: bảo mật, giữ cho không lan rộng
- Scare SO to death: doạ ai sợ đến phát khiếp
- Let on: thừa nhận/nói ra một bí mật
- Gloss over: khoác lên vẻ ngoài giả dối/cố gắng giảm tầm quan trọng của thứ gì
- Scrape through: vừa đủ để vượt qua
- Thrive on: thích thú cái gì
- Stick one’s neck out: đánh liều để nói cái gì dù có thể làm phật lòng người khác
- Throw light on: làm rõ, làm sáng tỏ - Seek out: tìm kiếm
- On my conscience: cảm thấy tội lỗi
Part 4: Write the correct form of each bracketed word in the following
sentences. (10 pts) Captain Webb
Captain Matthew Webb is fortunate in being remembered as the first man to
swim the English Channel, rather than the one who later tried and failed to
plunge through the Niagara Falls. If ever a man possessed self-confidence, it
was Webb; but it was his stubborn refusal to give up that eventually proved his (1. UNDO) …undoing….
Unwilling to recognize the Channel crossing as the peak of his career, he went 11 lOMoAR cPSD| 45315597
on and on, addicted to glory, literally swimming himself to death. Webb
astonished the British notion on August 25th, 1875, with a Channel crossing that
took a mammoth 21 hours and 25 minutes. He had entered the sea a merchant-
ship captain living in (2. OBSCURE)…obscurity…. but he emerged
in France, stung by jellyfish and half-dead with (3. EXHAUST) …
exhaustion…., a national hero. He was feted, mobbed and cheered wherever he
went; his appearance in the city of London brought business to a (4. STAND)
……standstill… . Alarmed by the sudden attention, the normally (5. FEAR) …
fearless…. Webb fled to his native Shropshire.
But all this (6. STAR) ……stardom…… was too much for him, and he made the fatal
error of many a pop star in later years.
Craving (7. APPLAUD) ……applause….., he very nearly dissolved himself in
a series of marathon swims for money, including a six-day (8. ENDURE) …
endurance…. contest. Then he sailed for America, where he had a (9. PUNISH)
…punishing…. schedule of long swims. It was America that lured Webb to the
final act in his tragedy; his crazed attempt to swim the Niagara River
beneath the Falls in June 1883. (10.REGARD) ……regardless….. of all advice,
he dived in from a boat and subsided forever into the boiling rapids. Giải thích
1. Sau ‘’his’’ là danh từ -> Undoing: nguyên nhân thất bại
2. Live in obscurity: sống trong bóng tối, không được biết đến
3. Half dead with exhaustion: suýt chết vì kiệt sức
4. Bring to standtill: đưa ai hay cái gì vào bế tắc
5. Sau ‘’normally’’ là tính từ -> Fearless (gạn dạ) 6. Stardom (n): danh tiếng
7. Crave applause: them muốn sự ca tụng 12 lOMoAR cPSD| 45315597
8. Endurance contest: cuộc thi sức bền
9. Punishing schedule: lịch luyện tập khắc nghiệt
10. Regardless of: bất chấp SECTION III. READING
Part 1: Choose the words that best complete the sentences in the text. (15pts)
Stressful atmospheres, (1)………of deadlines and long hours dominate office
life, according to a survey (2)……….recently.
The majority of those questioned said a good salary and career (3)………..were
their main reason for working. But (4)………numbers did not believe their
employers offered either. In general the survey found that most felt that (5)
………of life was more important than (6)……..and company perks. Most
would prefer employers to offer (7)………..hours, challenging tasks and job (8)
………rather than perks such as company cars and private health care. Many
employers’ (9)……..to understand this meant more than a third worried about
their work on holiday, and 40 per cent took days off (10)………when not ill.
Workers were also (11)………by the conditions they had to work in. A fifth
struggled with (12)……….technology, badly lit offices and chair which caused
backache. Half said their (13)……..would increase if their environment improved.
On the plus side, the biggest (14)……….was the friendship offered by
colleagues, and it appears that the office also affords the chance to flirt with
colleagues, make (15)………calls to friends abroad, steal stationery and play computer games. 1. A. weight B. force C. heaviness D. pressure 2. A. published B. printed C. publicized D. proclaimed 3. A. outlooks B. odds C. prospects D. views 4. A. important B. impressive C. heavy D. significant 5. A. quality B. caliber C. excellence D. worth 6. A. rank B. status C. degree D. grade 13 lOMoAR cPSD| 45315597 7. A. pliable B. elastic C. amenable D. flexible 8. A. safety B. security C. sanctuary D. protection 9. A. failure B. defeat C. deficiency D. lack 10.A. indisposed B. unwell C. injured D. sick 11.A. pestered B. inflamed C. irritated D. ruffled
12.A. behind the times B. expired C. out of date D. invalid 13.A. fertility B. capacity C. value D. productivity 14.A. comprehension B. damage C. reimbursement D. atonement 15.A. idiosyncratic B. unique C. personal D. individual Giải thích
1. Pressure of deadlines: áp lực về thời hạn 2. Publish (v): xuất bản
Publicize (v): ra mắt công chúng
Proclaim (v): công bố, tuyên bố
3. Career prospect: khả năng tăng tiến sự nghiệp
4. Significant (adj): đáng kể
5. Quality of life: chất lượng cuộc sống
6. Status (n): địa vị (trong xã hội)
Rank (n): cấp bậc (trong tổ chức) Degree (n): bằng cấp
7. Pliable (adj): có thể uốn dẻo Elastic (adj): co giãn
Amenable (adj): có thể chỉnh sửa Flexible (adj): linh hoạt
8. Job security: sự bảo đảm về thời hạn việc làm
9. Failure + to V: không làm được cái gì
10.Indisposed to ST/ to V: không thích, miễn cưỡng
Be sick by ST: chán ngấy, chán ghét
11. Pester (v): làm phiền quấy rầy
Inflame (v): châm dầu vào lửa
Irritate (v): làm cho tức giận 14 lOMoAR cPSD| 45315597
Ruffle (v): làm rối xù lên 12.Out of date: lạc hậu
Expired (adj): hết hiệu lực Valid (adj): có hiệu lực
13.Fertility (n): sự phì nhiêu Capacity (n): công suất Value (n): giá trị
Productivity (n): năng suất
14.Comprehension (n): bao quát
Reimbursement (n): sự bồi thường
Atonement (n): sự chuộc lỗi
15.Personal call: cuộc gọi riêng tư
Part 2: Read the following passage. Fill each blank with ONE suitable word.
Write your answers in the numbered blanks provided below the passage. (15pts)
Men and women are often considered to be completely at odds with each other,
in terms of their attitudes and behaviour. Not so when they are in love, new
research has discovered. As far as their hormone levels are concerned when
men and women are in love, they are more similar to each other (1)…than….at any other time.
It has (2)…long…. been known that love can (3)…play… havoc with hormone
levels. For example the hormone cortisol, which is known for its calming effect
on the body, dips dramatically when one person is attracted to (4)…another….,
putting the love-struck on a par with sufferers of obsessive compulsive disorder.
But a new study has found that the hormone testosterone, commonly associated
with male aggression, also falls when he is in love. In women, it's quite the (5)
…reverse…. . Testosterone levels, which (6)…tend…. to be lower among
females, rise towards (7)…those…. of the male. 15 lOMoAR cPSD| 45315597
Donatella Marazziti of the University of Pisa, Italy, (8)…puts… this down to
nature attempting to eliminate the differences between the sexes. By doing so,
they can concentrate fully (9)…on… reproduction. This suggestion seems to be
supported by the fact that neither couples in a long (10)…term…..
relationship, nor participants in the study who were single at the time of the
experiment, exhibited such changes. Giải thích
- More + adj + than: hơn cái gì
- Play havoc with: làm cho cái gì them khó khan
- It’s the reverse: điều ngược lại
- Tend to: thường có xu hướng
- Put down to ST: đưa ra lời giải thích do cái gì
- Concentrate on: chuyên tâm vào
Part 3: Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each
question.(15pts)
Meteorite Impact and Dinosaur Extinction
There is increasing evidence that the impacts of meteorites have had
important effects on Earth, particularly in the field of biological evolution. Such
impacts continue to pose a natural hazard to life on Earth. Twice in the twentieth
century, large meteorite objects are known to have collided with Earth.
If an impact is large enough, it can disturb the environment of the entire
Earth and cause an ecological catastrophe. The best-documented such impact
took place 65 million years ago at the end of the Cretaceous period of
geological history. This break in Earth’s history is marked by a mass extinction,
when as many as half the species on the planet became extinct. While there are
a dozen or more mass extinctions in the geological record, the Cretaceous mass 16 lOMoAR cPSD| 45315597
extinction has always intrigued paleontologists because it marks the end of the
age of the dinosaurs. For tens of millions of years, those great creatures had
flourished. Then, suddenly, they disappeared.
The body that impacted Earth at the end of the Cretaceous period was a
meteorite with a mass of more than a trillion tons and a diameter of at least 10
kilometers. Scientists first identified this impact in 1980 from the worldwide
layer of sediment deposited from the dust cloud that enveloped the planet after
the impact. This sediment layer is enriched in the rare metal iridium and other
elements that are relatively abundant in a meteorite but very rare in the crust of
Earth. Even diluted by the terrestrial material excavated from the crater, this
component of meteorites is easily identified. By 1990 geologists had located the
impact site itself in the Yucatán region of Mexico. The crater, now deeply
buried in sediment, was originally about 200 kilometers in diameter.
This impact released an enormous amount of energy, excavating a crater
about twice as large as the lunar crater Tycho. The explosion lifted about 100
trillion tons of dust into the atmosphere, as can be determined by measuring the
thickness of the sediment layer formed when this dust settled to the surface.
Such a quantity of material would have blocked the sunlight completely from
reaching the surface, plunging Earth into a period of cold and darkness that
lasted at least several months. The explosion is also calculated to have produced
vast quantities of nitric acid and melted rock that sprayed out over much of
Earth, starting widespread fires that must have consumed most terrestrial
forests and grassland. Presumably, those environmental disasters could have
been responsible for the mass extinction, including the death of the dinosaurs.
Several other mass extinctions in the geological record have been
tentatively identified with large impacts, but none is so dramatic as the
Cretaceous event. But even without such specific documentation, it is clear that
impacts of this size do occur and that their results can be catastrophic. What is a
catastrophe for one group of living things, however, may create opportunities
for another group. Following each mass extinction, there is a sudden 17 lOMoAR cPSD| 45315597
evolutionary burst as new species develop to fill the ecological niches opened by the event.
Impacts by meteorites represent one mechanism that could cause global
catastrophes and seriously influence the evolution of life all over the planet.
According to some estimates, the majority of all extinctions of species may be
due to such impacts. Such a perspective fundamentally changes our view of
biological evolution. The standard criterion for the survival of a species is its
success in competing with other species and adapting to slowly changing
environments. Yet an equally important criterion is the ability of a species to
survive random global ecological catastrophes due to impacts.
Earth is a target in a cosmic shooting gallery, subject to random
violent events that were unsuspected a few decades ago. In 1991 the United
States Congress asked NASA to investigate the hazard posed today by large
impacts on Earth. The group conducting the study concluded from a detailed
analysis that impacts from meteorites can indeed be hazardous. Although there
is always some risk that a large impact could occur, careful study shows that this risk is quite small.
1. In paragraph 2, why does the author include the information that dinosaurs
had flourished for tens of millions of years and then suddenly disappeared?
A. To support the claim that the mass extinction at the end of the Cretaceous is
the best-documented of the dozen or so mass extinctions in the geological record
B. To explain why as many as half of the species on Earth at the time are
believed to have become extinct at the end of the Cretaceous
C. To explain why paleontologists have always been intrigued by the mass
extinction at the end of the Cretaceous
D. To provide evidence that an impact can be large enough to disturb the
environment of the entire planet and cause an ecological disaster Giải thích 18 lOMoAR cPSD| 45315597
1. Ở đoạn 2, tại sao tác giả lại đưa vào thông tin loài khủng long đã phát triển
rực rỡ hàng chục triệu năm rồi đột ngột biến mất?
A. Để hỗ trợ cho tuyên bố rằng vụ tuyệt chủng hàng loạt vào cuối kỷ Phấn
trắng là sự kiện được ghi lại tốt nhất trong số hàng chục vụ tuyệt chủng hàng
loạt trong hồ sơ địa chất
B. Để giải thích tại sao có đến một nửa số loài trên Trái đất vào thời điểm đó
được cho là đã tuyệt chủng vào cuối kỷ Phấn trắng
C. Để giải thích tại sao các nhà cổ sinh vật học luôn bị hấp dẫn bởi sự tuyệt
chủng hàng loạt vào cuối kỷ Phấn trắng
D. Cung cấp bằng chứng cho thấy một tác động có thể đủ lớn để làm xáo trộn
môi trường của toàn bộ hành tinh và gây ra thảm họa sinh thái
Dẫn chứng: While there are a dozen or more mass extinctions in the geological
record, the Cretaceous mass extinction has always intrigued paleontologists
because it marks the end of the age of the dinosaurs.
2. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 3 about the location
of the meteorite impact in Mexico?
A. The location of the impact site in Mexico was kept secret by geologists from 1980 to 1990.
B. It was a well-known fact that the impact had occurred in the Yucatán region.
C. Geologists knew that there had been an impact before they knew where it had occurred.
D. The Yucatán region was chosen by geologists as the most probable impact site because of its climate. Giải thích
2. Điều nào sau đây có thể được suy ra từ đoạn 3 về vị trí của vụ va chạm thiên thạch ở Mexico?
A. Vị trí của địa điểm va chạm ở Mexico được các nhà địa chất giữ bí mật từ năm 1980 đến 1990.
B. Một thực tế nổi tiếng là tác động đã xảy ra ở vùng Yucatán.
C. Các nhà địa chất biết rằng đã có một tác động nào đó trước khi họ biết nó xảy ra ở đâu. 19 lOMoAR cPSD| 45315597
D. Vùng Yucatán được các nhà địa chất chọn là nơi có khả năng xảy ra tác động
mạnh nhất vì khí hậu của nó.
Dẫn chứng: By 1990 geologists had located the impact site itself in the Yucatán
region of Mexico.(Đến năm 1990, các nhà địa chất đã xác định được vị trí tác
động ở vùng Yucatán của Mexico.)
3. According to paragraph 3, how did scientists determine that a large meteorite had impacted Earth?
A. They discovered a large crater in the Yucatán region of
Mexico. B. They found a unique layer of sediment worldwide.
C. They were alerted by archaeologists who had been excavating in the Yucatán region.
D. They located a meteorite with a mass of over a trillion tons. Giải thích
3. Theo đoạn 3, làm thế nào các nhà khoa học xác định được rằng một thiên
thạch lớn đã va chạm vào Trái đất?
A. Họ đã phát hiện ra một miệng núi lửa lớn ở vùng Yucatán của
Mexico. B. Họ đã tìm thấy một lớp trầm tích đặc biệt trên toàn thế giới.
C. Họ đã được cảnh báo bởi các nhà khảo cổ học đang khai quật ở vùng Yucatán.
D. Họ định vị được một thiên thạch có khối lượng hơn một nghìn tỷ tấn
Dẫn chứng: Scientists first identified this impact in 1980 from the worldwide
layer of sediment deposited from the dust cloud that enveloped the planet after
the impact. (Các nhà khoa học lần đầu tiên xác định tác động này vào năm 1980
từ lớp trầm tích trên toàn thế giới lắng đọng từ đám mây bụi bao phủ hành tinh sau vụ va chạm)
4. The word “excavating” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to A. digging out B. extending C. destroying D. covering up
Giải thích: Excavate: khai quật = dig out Extending: mở rộng Cover up: bao phủ
5. The word “consumed” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to 20