Life Intermediate key - Tiếng Anh | Đại học Mở Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh
2. 1 North America / the United States. 2 traditional clothes. 3 her horse, her clothes. 3. 1 group identity. 2 a horse before they learn to ride a bike. 3 belong to this group. Tài liệu được sưu tầm giúp bạn tham khảo, ôn tập và đạt kết quả cao trong kì thi sắp tới. Mời bạn đọc đón xem !
Môn: Tiếng Anh (HCMCOU) 38 tài liệu
Trường: Đại học Mở Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh 640 tài liệu
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lOMoARcPSD|453 155 97 lO M oARcP SD| 4531 5597 Life 2e
Intermediate – Student’s Book Answer Key UNIT 1
3 It seems that we all love to feel good about
ourselves and the group we belong to. This is 2
easier when we put others into groups too.
1 North America / the United States 2 traditional clothes 4 Example answers 3 her horse, her clothes
Films tend to stereotype nationalities. In James
Bond movies, for example, Mexicans are 3
always having a festival, and Brazilians are 1 group identity.
always on a beach, and the English characters
2 a horse before they learn to ride a bike.
are cool but also very dry and reserved. 3 belong to this group.
Some films may choose specific cultural groups as ‘baddies’ 4 Example answers
(e.g. Russian gangsters) or they may use
Cultural societies: book club; film club; choir;
stereotypes (e.g. a romantic Frenchman, an
drama club or amateur dramatics society
emotional Italian, a humourless German).
Educational classes: language lessons (e.g. Spanish class);
Films and TV shows, however, can challenge
guitar or piano lessons; art or drawing classes
our views in a positive way when they are
Family groups: close family or extended
made by specific cultural groups. For example,
family; family or ‘clan’ reunions
African-American director Spike
Hobby groups: clubs for people interested
Lee makes films with positive African-
in gardening, pottery, sewing or knitting,
American central characters, and director
crafts or car maintenance, etc.
Kimberly Peirce challenged gender
Online communities: social networking sites
stereotypes with the film Boys Don’t Cry,
such as Facebook; more specific user groups
which was about a transgender man. such as video gamers
News reports often only report bad news, so
Sports clubs: golf or tennis club; football
people in Europe only hear about war, famine
teams; supporters clubs; gym membership
or corruption in Africa – they rarely hear positive news stories.
1a How we see other cultures 5 2 1 present simple
baseball cap – the United States 2 present continuous straw hat – Vietnam bowler hat – United Kingdom
Answers to Grammar Summary Exercises sombrero – Mexico bush hat – Australia 1
1 have; eat; come; don’t eat 3 2 ’s raining; rains
1 It means that our brain doesn’t work so
3 work; ’m not working; ’m having; ’m
hard because it doesn’t need to analyse every taking; ’m writing
new individual thing that we meet.
2 When we understand (or think we 6
understand) something, we can make 1 a I work
predictions about it – we know what kind b I’m working of behaviour to expect. 2 a We’re living b We live lO M oARcP SD| 4531 5597 3 a are being love, prefer b are Possession Have, belong, contain 4 a She has b She’s having 11 1 He’s telling 7 2 do you think 1 a doesn’t feel 3 Do you remember b isn’t/'s not feeling 4 I hear 2 a come 5 is asking b ’m coming 6 I want 3 a ’m doing 7 I don’t know b do 8 Are you making 4 a ’s looking b looks 12 Example answers 1 accepting an invitation 8
2 when you’re out in the rain – depending on 1 are
how you say this, it could mean you really 2 continuous form enjoy the experience,
or it could be ironic – you actually mean ‘hate’
Answers to Grammar Summary exercises
3 at the end of a letter to a friend or family member 2
4 neighbours talking to each other over the 1 don’t remember garden wall, for example 2 prefer
5 in a conversation when talking about a friend 3 ’s thinking
or family member – Oscar is not with you, but 4 ’re having you are talking about him 5 doesn’t realize; needs
6 on the front cover of a book or in a trailer for 6 think; belongs a film 7 talking about two people 3
8 when you’re enjoying an experience 1 comes from (especially younger people) 2 means 3 is 13 Example answers 4 includes
1 A: Do you want to come for something to eat 5 is increasing after class? 6 are moving and mixing B: I’d love to! Thanks. 7 feel
2 A: I love walking in the rain. 8 don’t belong B: Me too! I love being wet!
3 Thanks for my birthday present. 9 See you soon
The stative verbs appear in the text in the Lots of love, following order: Jenna x
mean, means, need, understand, understand, 4 A: We love the summer. seems, belong, believe
B: We love it, too. I love being in the garden.
5 A: Please give Oscar our love. 10
B: I will. He’ll be happy to hear from you. Categories Stative verbs
6 A: This looks interesting, 'The story of two Thoughts and Know, believe, mean, strangers who fall in love.' mental seem, understand,
B: It’s a beautiful story – you must read processes wonder, realize,
it. 7 A: Are they going to get married? remember, sound,
B: Yes. They are very much in love. suppose
8 A: Are you enjoying your course? The senses Hear, taste B: Yes. I’m loving it. Emotions Want, need, hate, like, 1b Culture and colour lO M oARcP SD| 4531 5597
object questions – 1, 2, 3, 5 (point out the use 1
of auxiliary verbs: are, Does, does and Do in
1 sad 2 angry 3 angry or sad or both these questions) subject questions – 4, 6 2 1 happy 8 2 luck 1 Who wears blue at funerals? 3 brave
2 Which colour means happiness in Egypt? 4 proud
3 What colour do some people wear on 5 anger International Women’s Day? 6 powerful
4 Who painted a white dove as a symbol of peace? 3
5 What does red mean in many cultures? 1 b 2 a 3 b 4 a 5 a 6 a
6 Who lives in the White House? 4 9a 1 love or anger
The intonation rises then falls at the end of the 2 luck questions. 3 India 4 China 10 5 power subject then verb 6 orange 7 happiness
Answers to Grammar Summary exercises 8 love 9 Mexico 6 10 international 1
Do you know what language they speak in 6 Mauritius? Subject questions
2 Could you tell me where Robert Fisher’s office is?
Answers to Grammar Summary exercises
3 Do you know which terminal the flight goes from? 4
4 Could you tell me where Julia went? 1
5 Do you know if/whether people usually
do people wear white at funerals? shake hands when they meet?
2 did Hong Kong become independent
6 Can you tell me why you need a new from the UK? passport?
3 European countries use the euro? 4 does ciao mean? 11 5 invented paper?
1 Can you tell me how many hours a week
6 two South American countries don’t have a you study English? coast?
2 Can you tell me why you are doing this course? 5
3 Do you know when the course finishes? 1
4 Do you know how many languages the
How did you become a travel writer? teacher speaks?
2 What qualities and characteristics do
5 Can you tell me which other courses you are
you need to be a travel writer? doing?
3 What are you working on (at the moment)?
6 Do you know how many students there are
4 Who (usually) chooses your destinations? in the class?
5 How do you prepare for a trip?
6 What do you find most exciting about your 13 job? Blue questions: 1 does 7 2 Who lO M oARcP SD| 4531 5597 3 Do
1 One day, I’m sitting in a coffee shop in 4 Which
London having a cup of Italian espresso served
by an Algerian waiter, listening to American Yellow questions:
music playing in the background. 1 are
A few days later, I’m walking down a street in 2 does
Mexico – I’m eating Japanese food and 3 Which
listening to the music of a Filipino band. In 4 is
Japan, many people love flamenco.
Meanwhile, in Europe, Japanese food is the 1c A world together
latest in-thing. European girls decorate their hands with henna tattoos. 1
2 Businesses make their products in one Countries
country and sell them in another.
Companies employ people on one continent 2
to answer telephone enquiries from
business – paragraph 2 (also some mention in
customers on a different continent. 3)
3 In India, there are more than four hundred
culture – paragraphs 1, (also some mention
languages and several different religions – and in 2), 3 and 4
McDonald’s serves mutton instead of beef and offers a vegetarian menu. 3
In Shanghai, the television show Sesame Street
1 One day he’s sitting in a coffee shop in
teaches Chinese values and traditions. As one London having
Chinese teacher said, ‘We’ve got an American
a cup of Italian espresso served by an Algerian
box with Chinese content in it.’ waiter,
listening to American music playing in the 9 Example answer background;
Examples help the reader understand the
A few days later, he’s walking down a street
writer’s point when they are clear and simple, in Mexico
and when they relate to the reader’s own
eating Japanese food and listening to the music
experience (e.g. most of us have of a been to McDonald’s , so we understand this Filipino band. point about globalization).
2 planes, telephones, television, the internet
3 the English language, social 10
media, McDonald’s, Starbucks
1 There are lots of Thai restaurants in particular. 5
2 Brazilian soap operas are popular here now. 1 culture
3 We’ve got a couple of great theatres. 2 market
Here are some other possible alternative 3 menu example sentences: 4 thing
1 The High Street has Indian, Chinese and 5 identity Lebanese restaurants. 6 view
2 I watch box sets of my favourite American series online. 6 Example answers
3 You can go to the cinema or to the sports worldwide popularity/web centre. popular programme/celebrity good idea/education national 1d First impressions anthem/team positive thinking/contribution 1 1 Students’ own ideas 7
2 In the UK, to be punctual for a job interview Culture, business
means exactly on time – neither too early nor too late. 8 lO M oARcP SD| 4531 5597
Punctual for work may mean coming a 1e About us few minutes early.
3 In the US, people at interview may say Sir or 1
Ma’am. In the UK, saying Mr Phillips or Ms
a, b, d (The website says: advice for all kinds Finn is more likely. of travel;
4 Students' own ideas. You may need to check
recommend the best accommodation for your
students understand appropriate (= right in a needs; particular situation).
arrange everything from the first to the last
day of your trip; booked everything for us on 2
our family trip to Vietnam) Conversation 1:
The company is not suitable for c (business
Be punctual, courteous and positive. travellers) –
Make sure you know the other person’s name.
Go our way! is an informal name and business Use it!
travellers usually don’t want small hotels and
Make the other person the focus of your guides, or family trips.
attention. Sound interested! Ask questions!
Know what you want to say and say it 2a effectively! 1 website 2 neutral Conversation 2: 3 possible customers
Be punctual, courteous and positive. Make 4 to promote the company
the other person the focus of your 5 separate sections of text
attention. Sound interested! Ask questions!
Know what you want to say and say it 2b effectively!
1 website: the layout shows it is a website
2 neutral: The tone speaks directly and 3
personally to the reader (We offer … , We
See the underlined phrases in the audioscript
help you … , … for your needs). above.
3 possible customers: We offer advice for all
Students should tick all the expressions except:
kinds of travel; We help you find the perfect
May I introduce myself? holiday destination;
How about meeting again?
Our team of experts can recommend the best
The first pair give the best performance.
accommodation for your needs; We arrange
They use courteous, positive but formal
everything from the first to the last day of your
language (How do you do, Pleased to meet trip.
you, I do, actually) and use their names.
4 to promote the company: We are a
The second pair are friendly and polite but
professional travel agency with fifteen years’
don’t use names and are too informal (How
experience; We lead the field in designing
are you? Great, Erm, what about you?). personalized trips.
Yuvraj talks about himself and does
5 separate sections of text: the sections have
not focus on the other person. Thanks for your
headings and are in separate boxes
time is not appropriate here and sounds very
rude. The suggestion is that she isn’t going to 3 be very useful to him!
1 travel agency, travel, holiday destination,
trips, accommodation, hotels, guides in twelve 4 countries, booked The most formal phrases are:
2 offer (advice), help (you find), lead (the
Allow me to introduce myself.
field), recommend, work (closely with), How do you do? arrange, book
It’s a pleasure to meet you.
It’s been good talking to you. 4
Let me give you my card. 1 help 2 recommend 3 lead 4 help lO M oARcP SD| 4531 5597 1f Faces of India Unit 1 Review 1 Example answer
1 does this prize mean; feel; expected
2 do you decide; don’t know; send
The man is a shepherd with a long moustache
and short, grey beard. He’s wearing white 3 Which places interest; has
clothes and a red turban, silver rings and gold
4 Are you working; ’m/am doing; want
earrings. He’s carrying a wooden staff.
5 Can you tell; ’m/am thinking
He has a very bright expression, with bright
eyes and a smile. Perhaps he’s happy. 2
1 T (I never expected to win prizes.) 2b
2 F (She says that her readers sometimes send 1 d 2 a 3 b 4 c 5 e
her ideas, but she doesn’t say if or how often she uses the ideas.) 3
3 F (She says she is writing some magazine 1 photographer
articles but she doesn’t say what they are 2 newspaper about.) 3 world 4 thirty 3
1 does this prize mean: present simple stative 4 Example answers
verb feel: present simple stative verb
There are many possibilities. For example:
expected: present simple stative verb
An old man with red hair and a long beard.
2 do you decide: present simple dynamic verb
An old man with grey hair wearing a turban.
for repeated behaviour don’t know: present A young man wearing a cap.
simple stative verb send: present simple
A young girl with medium-length brown hair.
dynamic verb for repeated behaviour
A man with a big moustache and a red turban.
3 Which places interest: present simple subject
A young woman in a bright, red headscarf.
question has: present simple stative verb
4 Are you working: present continuous 5
(dynamic verb) for something which is in 1 d 2 e 3 b 4 f 5 a 6 c
progress around the time of speaking
’m/am doing: present continuous (dynamic 6
verb) for something which is in progress The whole face
around the time of speaking want: present simple stative verb 7a
5 Can you tell: indirect question 1 b 2 b 3 c 4 b 5 c
’m/am thinking: present continuous (dynamic
verb) for something which is in progress 7b Example answers around the time of speaking
1 Perhaps this is a place you go to on holiday,
a friend’s house, a local café. 4 Students’ own answers
2 people often say writing, acting or
performing; a job where you do your hobby
(an archaeologist who loves history) or get to 5
stay in a beautiful place (a hotel manager on
anger bravery cheerfulness happiness luck a Caribbean island) power pride sadness
3 This could be a super-city like Dubai or an
amazing natural phenomenon (Ayers 6 Rock/Uluru in Australia). Students’ own answers
4 This could be a an unexplained experience,
a suspicious situation or just something a bit 7
unusual, like an outfit a person was wearing. 1O2C3O4C5C6O
5 for example, running, athletics, team sports, rowing, dancing, etc. UNIT 2 lO M oARcP SD| 4531 5597 1 6
1 dance (all the others are people) Students’ own answers
2 play (all the others are people)
3 dancer (all the others are types of 7 perfor-mance)
I you/we/they have/haven’t + past participle
4 act (all the others are people)
He/she/it + has/hasn’t + past participle fall,
5 singer (all the others are groups of musi-
go = irregular (fallen, gone) cians)
6 clown (all the others are types
Answers to Grammar Summary exercises of performance) 1 2 1 has started 1 drama, play 2 ‘ve made 2 choir 3 hasn’t bought 3 show, musician 4 Have (you) finished 5 ‘ve known 3 6 Has (he) seen 1 the theatre 7 ‘ve gone 2 a choir competition 8 haven’t been 3 the photo 2 2a Music Today 1 b 2 b 3 b 4 a 5 b 6 a 1 Example answers 8 1 Students’ own answers
The way we listen to and buy music has 2 Students’ own answers
changed enormously in recent years. (a) The
3 Ways of listening to music: live, on
number of music websites has grown in-
head-phones, on a CD player, on a tablet,
credibly quickly since internet connections
mo-bile/cellphone or PC, on vinyl;
became faster and cheaper. (c)
students may say they listen to music as back-
New vinyl records have been hard to find for
ground while working or chatting to friends,
years. (d) … it has become much easier to dis-
or on headphones at home, or in clubs or bars
cover different kinds of music from all over the world. (b) 3 a don’t know 1 bossa nova – Brazil b have 2 bhangra – India c since 3 flamenco – Spain d for 4 reggae – Jamaica 5 Celtic – Ireland 9
6 township jive – South Africa 1 have become 2 has lost 4 3 have risen C 4 have realized 5 hasn’t gone up 5 6 have paid
1 No, it isn’t easy. They have all gone from town centres. 10
2 Because internet connections are faster and 1 has sold
cheaper these days / than before / in the past. 2 have been
3 We can listen to musicians’ websites and 3 haven’t heard other streaming websites. 4 hasn’t had
4 Bands and singers from all over the 5 has happened
world release their music online direct. 6 has; recorded lO M oARcP SD| 4531 5597 11
for: a couple of days, a few months, a while, 5 ages,
1 F (I’ve taught hundreds of people to dance centuries, some time, years …)
since: 1986, I was a child, July, last Monday,
2 F (My first students were young kids …)
lunchtime, my last holiday, the day before yes-
3 T (Many people have found a new social life terday here …)
4 F (Traditional ballroom dancing became 12
fashionable a few years ago.) 1 haven’t listened
5 T (One of the great things about dancing is it 2 ‘ve lived
can really change your mood. I’ve seen how 3 ‘ve been
dancing can affect people.) 4 ‘ve known
6 T (My injuries ended my career as a dancer 5 haven’t been
ten years ago. But opening the school gave me 6 ‘ve had
a new career as a teacher.) 13 6 Example answers 1 d yet
1 keeping fit, buying new clothes, going walk- 2 a already ing or running, doing sports 3 b yet
2 joining a club/class, finding friends online, 4 c just doing voluntary work
3 going out with friends, going to the cinema /
Answers to Grammar Summary exercises
local café, etc., inviting friends round for a meal 3
4 listening to music, watching TV, having
1 Have you already eaten?
some chocolate, going for a walk, talking to
2 The play has just started.
friends, meditating, doing something creative
3 The train hasn’t arrived yet. (e.g. drawing or writing)
4 He’s just had a coffee.
5 We’ve already seen this film. 7
6 Has she woken up yet? 1 present perfect
7 I haven’t sent the message yet. 2 past simple
8 My brother has just heard the album.
Answers to Grammar Summary exercises 2b Learning to dance 4 1 1 for two years 1 good 2 since 2000 2 crying 3 since 1995 3 laughing 4 three years ago 4 cry 5 today 5 cheers me up 6 for two years 7 this month 3 8 in February Students’ own ideas 5 4 1 ‘s (never) been
1 Daley opened the studio when he 2 started
retired from dancing professionally. 3 haven’t had
2 A lot of older people began coming 4 Have (you ever) seen when big TV shows started. 5 didn’t work
3 Two of his older students got married last 6 got year. 7 ‘ve (already) read
4 Once, a very angry and stressed-out 8 Did (you) go young man came to class. lO M oARcP SD| 4531 5597 12 6 1 started; haven’t watched 1 did (you) do 2 saw; ‘ve been 2 went 3 ‘ve never tried; went 3 haven’t seen 4 hasn’t been; broke 4 Have (you) heard
5 haven’t booked; didn’t enjoy 5 Did (you) enjoy 6 did … come out; ‘s been 6 had 7 opened 2c Living status 8 haven’t been 2 Example answers 8
The photo shows a man wearing a jacket and
present perfect: ‘ve taught, has (all) changed,
bow tie. His skin and clothes are painted silver
have found, (have) made, ‘ve seen, has been,
or grey. He is holding something in his hand ‘ve (ever) done
and seems to be standing very still.
past simple: spoke, opened, retired, were,
It probably feels strange being a living statue.
changed, started, got married, became, was,
You feel stiff and uncomfortable and may get
came, left, ended, gave
backache. You may want to scratch an itch.
The verbs in bold have different past simple
You can watch people walking past. and past participle forms: past participle past simple 3 seen saw
1 street performers, who are usually dressed as been was/were
famous characters from history or from popu- done did lar culture spoken spoke
2 in tourist areas of Paris, London, Barcelona become became and other cities come came
3 tableaux vivants, Els Pastorets given gave
4 It’s also extremely difficult to stay complete-
ly still for long periods. I can’t even move my 9
eyes or show that I’m breathing.
1 a She danced professionally in the past, but she no 4
longer dances professionally. Either she
1 Students’ own answers. (The suggestion is has stopped
that this mostly happens in ‘tourist areas’ and
dancing or she is no longer alive.
that though local people may also watch,
b She is still dancing professionally.
they’re not the ‘main audience’.)
2 a They went to New York for a week but are
2 Living statues dress as famous characters, no longer in New York.
but tableaux vivants showed religious scenes.
b They went to New York less than a week
Living statues work alone, but tableaux vi- ago and are still there.
vants were groups for special occasions (royal
3 a It is no longer summer, so the show is no occasions, Christmas). longer at the Theatre Royal.
3 entertaining the crowd and so earning money
b It is still summer, and the show is still at the Theatre Royal. 5 1 costume 10 2 pavement 1 has been 3 begging 2 I started 4 react 3 I’ve never had 5 illustrate 4 I’ve met 6 resident 5 have become 6 didn’t know 8 7 realized 1 noun 8 has felt 2 adjective lO M oARcP SD| 4531 5597 9 5 1 How kind
List A: really, absolutely (e.g absolutely fasci- 2 a kind of nating) 3 that kind of thing
List B: really, pretty, (not) very (e.g pretty 4 really kind of boring) 5 kind and thoughtful
2e Portrait of an artist 10
1 somebody who is interested in travel; some- 2 one going a, d on holiday 2 Students’ own answers 3 3 Students’ own answers
Students should circle the opinions below (the
rest of the text – apart from Luhrmann’s 11
quotes – should be underlined as factual): 1 Joan Castells:
in my opinion, Luhrmann’s work just gets bet-
a You can’t move past the crowds on the ter and better. pavement
his films are usually exciting, energetic and
b not really entertaining people, they’re just
spectacular as an ordinary film fan, I begging
thought it was absolutely fantastic
c It’s an easy way of earning money
To me, his films have the power of dreams.
2 Preparation and getting clean take ages, it’s
They take you into thrilling, unforgettable
difficult to stay completely still and you don’t worlds.
get rich (so it’s not ‘an easy way of earning Direct quotes from Luhrmann: money’)
‘putting on a show’
3 The author gives equal importance to both
‘achieving so many of the dreams I had as a views.
kid – from going to the Oscars to getting a
letter from Marlon Brando’. 2d What’s on? 4 1
d Although there is some factual information, Students’ own ideas
this is mostly the personal opinions of the
writer (I have seen every one of his films and 2
in my opinion, Luhrmann’s work just gets bet- a 3 (the film)
ter and better; as an ordinary film fan,
b 1 (the flamenco dance festival)
I thought it was absolutely fantastic; To me,
c 1 (the flamenco dance festival)
his films have the power of dreams.) d 2 (the comedy) e 2 (the comedy) 5a f 2 (the comedy) Column 1: despite Column 2: although 3
Column 3: on the other hand; nevertheless
The following expressions should be ticked: Column 4: consequently
Do you feel like / fancy going out tonight?
Do you like the sound of that? 5b I’m not keen on him. 1 Although 2 Despite
I’m not in the mood for anything depressing.
It doesn’t really appeal to me. 5c What time is it on?
1 They have had box office success even What’s it about?
though they are unusual films.
2 I enjoyed Romeo+Juliet but I didn’t under- 4 stand all the dialogue. 1 really, absolutely
3 I love epic films. Nevertheless, I didn’t enjoy 2 really, pretty, (not) very this one. lO M oARcP SD| 4531 5597
4 In spite of praising Luhrmann’s earlier films,
the critics did not like Australia. 1
5 I’ve seen all of the films. However, I
1 (I’ve lived in Japan) for (three months now)
haven’t seen any of the operas. 2 (I) didn’t (know)
6 His last film was absolutely brilliant, so I’m 3 (a bit) since (I got here)
looking forward to seeing the next one. 4 (I’ve) just (got home)
5 (Last week we) went (to Tenjin matsuri) 2f Taiko master 6 (It) has (been part)
7 (of Osaka summer events) for (about a thou- 1 Example answers sand years)
1 He is hitting a large drum with sticks.
8 (have hardly changed) since (then)
2 Perhaps he feels strong and confident, free 9 (There) was (also) and powerful. 10 (on the river) yet
3 It means that when playing the drum you
use both your body and mind to produce 2
sound: you need to be athletic and rhythmical
1 After he/she arrived in Japan three months
(body) and concentrate on what to do and play ago.
(mind), and in this way, a good sound is 2 It was summer. produced.
3 a traditional kagura music performance and a puppet theatre 2b
4 None – the writer has never been on a boat
1 mind 2 style 3 tiredness 4 beat 5 drummer 6 on the river in Osaka before. energy 3 3 Present perfect simple verbs: 1T2T3F4T
I’ve lived: for + a period of time
have learned: the activity started in the past 4
and has an effect on the present 1 b 2 c 3 d 4 a
I’ve just got (home): recent event with an ef-
fect on the present, used with just 5
has been … for: for + a period of time 1 fear
have hardly changed since: since + point of 2 drummers
time when the activity started 3 the movement of the body
haven’t been … yet: negative used with yet 4 through pain and tiredness Past simple verbs: 5 enjoy
I didn’t know: for a finished period of time, i.e. ‘before I came’ 6a
I came: it’s clear from the situation when this 1 a 2 b 3 a 4 a 5 c
happened it was (great): past simple of be –
it’s clear from the situation when this hap- 6b Example answers pened
1 I think I’ve been to Greece on holiday /
went (to Tenjin Matsuri): we say when the ac- eat-en Japanese
tivity happened I loved: it’s clear from the sit-
food / played badminton a dozen or so times. uation when this happened
2 In this school, there are something like a
There was also: past simple of be – it’s clear
few hundred / a thousand students.
from the situation when this happened
3 I didn’t speak English until I left school / I
got my first job / I went to live in the US. At 5
that point, I started to learn. 1 actor, director
4 I felt better when my cold / the storm / the 2 conductor, musician wild animal went away. 3 choreographer, dancer
5 Many people in America in the early 4 singer, orchestra
days were just fresh off the boat. 8 Unit 2 Review 1 going lO M oARcP SD| 4531 5597 2 to see
3 easily (from the adjective easy) 3 Do you
4 noisily (from the adjective noisy) 4 in
5 Fortunately (from the adjective fortunate) 5 by
6 carefully (from the adjective careful) 6 about
7 badly (from the adjective bad)
8 immediately (from the adjective immediate) UNIT 3 6 Example answers
angrily: shout, argue, walk out of a room 1 Example answers
calmly: speak to someone, look after a baby,
1 The sailing crew on the yacht in the picture carry on
seem to be working hard. They might be think- working
ing: I feel sick, This isfun, This is scary, I want
bravely: fight, argue, suffer pain
to win the race. They might be
happily: open your presents, sing in the bath
thinking about the weather / the sea / getting
politely: apologize, ask for information, say no back to land.
secretly: make a promise, go away, ask some- 2 Students’ own ideas one to marry you
3 Possible words: exciting, thrilling; scary, frightening; 7
dangerous, demanding, challenging; tiring, 1 past continuous exhausting 2 past simple 2
Answers to Grammar Summary exercises
Activities: kayaking, water-skiing, jet- 1
skiing, diving, snorkelling, windsurfing,
rafting Places: ocean, lake, sea, river
1 decided 2 was shining 3 was walking 4 saw
5 was trying 6 turned 7 ran 8 didn’t know 4 Example answers 2
Other sports and leisure activities connected
1 What was he doing when he saw the lion?
with water: swimming, surfing, water polo,
2 What did he do when the lion walked to-
sailing, wakeboarding, canoeing, dragon wards him?
boat racing, kitesurfing, cave diving, fishing
3 Who were you speaking to when your phone battery ran out?
3a The story behind the photo
4 What did you do when your phone battery 1 ran out? 1C2A3B
5 What were they doing when the storm start- ed? 2
6 Where did they go when the storm started?
1 T (On my very first trip, …)
2 F (We were coming down fast from a section 3
of rapids and we could see calm water ahead.) 1 f 2 a 3 c 4 e 5 b 6 d
3 T (Then I saw a big hippo near the river bank.) 4
4 T (My brother and I were just sitting 1was shining; went
around on the beach, getting bored, so we 2 was running; lost
took a div-ing course.) 3 were watching; arrived
5 F (we did our first dive in the ‘easy’ 4 was sleeping; rang cenotes …) 5 was driving; had
6 F (I was concentrating on doing everything 6 was waiting; saw right, …) 8 3
1 What were they doing when they saw the 1 b 2 c hippo? – b
2 What did they do when they saw the hippo? 5 – a
1 suddenly (from the adjective sudden)
2 safely (from the adjective safe) lO M oARcP SD| 4531 5597 9
3b Return to Titanic 1 past continuous 2 past simple 1 1 b 2 a 3 d 10 1 was working 2 2 heard
1 He was on a secret mission to look for two 3 began
missing US submarines that had disappeared 4 bought in the 1960s. 5 set out
2 They ‘jumped for joy’ at first, then realized 6 swam
that they shouldn’t be celebrating something 7 was moving where people had died. 8 managed
3 He felt disappointed because he’d asked 9 got
people to treat Titanic’s remains with respect
and he felt this hadn’t happened. 10 spent 11 felt 4 11 1 b, c, a
1 I was taking a photo when I dropped 2 b, a, c my camera. 3 c, a, b
2 They didn’t hear you because they weren’t
1 agreed in b and c (had agreed in interview) listening.
2 died in b (had died in interview)
3 I had problems, so my teacher helped me.
3 took in a (had taken in interview); disap-
4 We saw some bears while we were hiking.
peared in c (had disappeared in interview)
5 He wasn’t looking at the road, so he
The past perfect simple is used for things that almost had an accident.
happened before Ballard’s discovery.
6 I fell over while I was running for the bus. 5 12 Example answers
1 He went back to Titanic nineteen years later 2 Where did you meet her? to see how it had changed. What was she doing?
2 I saw some shoes that had belonged to a What did you say?
child. We use the past perfect to show that an Where was she going?
event took place before another event in the When did you last see her? past. 3 Were you hurt? What did you do?
Answers to Grammar Summary exercises How did it happen?
Where were you going at the time? 5 4 What was their news? 1 sat down What did he say? 2 had passed How did you react? 3 went 5 What did she see? 4 ’d lost
What was she doing at the time? 5 had finished How did she react? 6 ’d met Did she ring the police? 7 hadn’t been 8 had closed 13 Example answers
Here are some possible questions: 6
When did you first try this skill? 1 had (only) been Where were you? 2 ’d spent What happened? 3 ’d gone
How did you feel while you were doing it? 4 ’d lost
How did you feel after? 5 d’ been
How good at it are you now? 6 ’d changed
Do you want to do it again? 7 ’d found lO M oARcP SD| 4531 5597 7
3c Love and death in the sea 1 hadn’t been; was 2 wasn’t; ’d eaten 1 Example answers
3 didn’t come; ’d forgotten
1 & 2 Students’ own ideas. Here are some ar- 4 had already started; got
guments for and against, and some problems:
5 didn’t want; ’d already seen A (natural) pool or a lake: 6 didn’t know; had stopped
(+) still and calm, easy to swim, often an at- 7 was; ’d booked
tractive location, can do water sports on a big
8 realized/realised; had happened lake
(–) cold, perhaps very deep, could be plants 6
and fish, could be bad for your health if you
1 had been (at sea before it hit the iceberg) swallow the water
2 sank (sank after it hit the iceberg) A (man-made swimming) pool:
3 was (by the time = used to mean that some-
(+) safe, not too deep, good changing and dry-
thing has already happened at the time some-
ing facilities, not too cold, lanes
thing else happens. Here, they; ‘sounded the
(–) busy, boring, have to pay to go in, re-
alarm’ but ‘it was already too late’ – it was too strictions on diving
late before the alarm was sounded)
and activities you can do, not always open,
4 had died (died before the boat came)
chlorine in the water hurts your eyes
5 found (used technology then found the The sea: wreck)
(+) fun, challenging, salt helps you float, can
6 had visited (people visited before Ballard
do lots of games and activities and water returned)
sports, can splash and paddle as well as swim
(–) dangerous, difficult to swim, can be pollut- 7 Example answers
ed, fish and seaweed can be a problem, often
1 The ship hadn’t seen the iceberg in time. /
cold, salt hurts your eyes and makes you feel
They didn’t have the advance warning systems ill if you swallow it that modern ships have.
2 They hadn’t put enough lifeboats on 2 the ship.
1 He tried to swim out to sea during a storm,
3 People hadn’t treated Titanic’s remains with realized it respect.
was too difficult, so he tried to swim back but
4 They had decided it was a romantic place. found he
5 He had decided to make a film about the dis-
couldn’t reach the beach. (paragraph 2) aster.
2 He didn’t respect the sea – it was a moment
of Catalan bravado to go into the sea when it 8 was too stormy. 1 was (paragraph 2) 2 began
3 He has learnt his lesson, feels lucky to 3 had discovered be alive, and 4 felt
respects the sea now. He does not go swim- 5 had sunk
ming when it is dangerous. (last paragraph) 6 hit 7 had become 3 8 retired 1 two
2 afraid (my heart goes very fast because of 9
fear – also, in other contexts, from excitement
Ask the students to refer to the Communica- or pressure)
tion activities at the back of the Student’s 3 stop
Book for the solutions. Pair A should go to 4 it was difficult for me
page 153 and pair B to page 154. 5 stop swimming 6 bad 4 lO M oARcP SD| 4531 5597
1 The first decision was to go swimming de- 3d No way!
spite the storm. The consequence was that he
had to fight against the sea and swallowed lots 1 of seawater and sand. Students’ own ideas
The second decision was to turn back. The
consequence was that he was hit by waves 2
and caught in the surf zone, and he couldn’t
A is more likely (empty cage; having a bath). get back.
The third decision was to give up fighting 3
against the sea. Fortunately, the Story 2
consequence was that he was carried to the
A photo for Story 1 might show two fish shore and sur-vived.
splashing in some water in a sink.
2 He speaks about the sea as if it were a per-
son. The feelings he expresses are very intense 4 and romantic.
Students should tick all the expressions except: 3 Students’ own opinions
You’ll never believe what happened once … while I was … 5 1 conclusion 5 2 conclusion
The first story is true. It happened to the au-
3 stated in the text (I sat on the beach watch-
thor. The lid partially covered the tank but
ing the sea and feeling lucky to be alive.)
they had knocked it off anyway. Both fish sur- 4 conclusion
vived and were lucky not to have been eaten by the family cat! 6 Example answers
1 Yes – because the weather can make it dan- 3e What a weekend! gerous to swim there.
2 Yes – because he has recovered enough to 1 Example answers
tell the story and goes swimming again when
Personal blogs: what they’ve been doing, pho-
the weather is OK / the sea is calm / ‘the sea
tos, thoughts and feelings, interests, travel, wants me’. personal opinions
No – because he says his heart still races when
Professional blogs: advice and tips, infor- he thinks about it.
mation about a company or product, feedback
4 Yes – because he used to go swimming on meetings or conferences
eve-ry day, but now he knows he should only
go when the conditions are right. 2
1 It’s about an unusual experience on the 7
beach that the writer and his family had last 1 I got into the pool.
weekend. (They saw people who were picking
2 The weather got worse.
up Nike trainers that had washed up on the
3 I couldn’t get to the shore. beach.)
4 I wasn’t getting any closer to the land.
2 The things you take to the beach: towels,
5 We get so much from nature.
swimming costumes, sunglasses, sunhats, etc.
6 We put the bird in a cage but it got out.
3 Ellie, Louis and Oscar are the blogger’s three children. 8 Example answers
I got into my car this morning and drove to 3 school.
1 c 2 d (probably) 3 b 4 f 5 e 6 g 7 a My English has got worse!
I get a lot of support from friends. 4a
I got out of doing the washing up this morning. a ran = rushed b started to shine = came out e got = jumped f picked up = grabbed g went = headed lO M oARcP SD| 4531 5597 7b Example answers 4b
1 I think learning English / windsurfing is raining = pouring with rain awesome. full of people = packed
2 In my experience, travelling on your own / looking = staring
meeting new people is really fun. arrived = washed up
3 I can’t organize everything / redecorate the holding = clutching house all on my own.
4 People today are hungry for a real connec- 4c
tion with nature / new experiences. 1 ran
5 I think that politicians / scientific experts 2 tired
take themselves very seriously. 3 really 4 got 8 Example answer 5 walked
The probable reason is because the river goes 6 fell down
along the borders of countries so no one coun-
try can claim it. Also, no country has exploited
3f Four women and a wild river
the river by building dams or bridges. 1 Example answers 9 Example answers
Possible reasons for doing the trip: exciting,
1 Possibilities include: backpack, compass,
challenging, seeing the world, having an ad-
map, mobile phone with battery recharge facil-
venture, learning new skills, learning about
ities, phrasebook, water purifying tablets, new cultures camping equipment, tent
Possible reasons for not doing it:
2 Possibilities include: towel, sunglasses, bath-
dangerous, long time away from home,
ing costume, camera, mobile phone, passport 3
difficult condi-tions to live in, need to be
Possibilities include: mobile phone, sports
adventurous and strong and athletic equipment, Medicine 2b Unit 3 Review 1 c 2 e 3 a 4 b 5 f 6 d 1 3
1, 2, 3, 5, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15 and 16 are correct.
All four words are possible depending on 4 had just passed the students' opinion. 8 were watching 6 had gone by 4 7 hadn’t managed
1 bring the story back to their communities 11 was setting 2 all women 14 had just got up 3 sponsors 2 5
1 His/Her dad paid for a course, as a present,
1 joyful and light: getting into the kayak
because he/she had just passed some exams. head first,
2 Because the whole first day he/she hadn’t
dancing with the Mongolian men, chatting in managed one successful ride. their sleeping bags 4 intense: the thunderstorm 1 b 2 c 3 a 4 e 5 f 6 d 2 ships, cranes, industry Example sentences:
3 because she thinks it’s the best way for peo- I don’t drive a car badly. ple to
I try to sit calmly in the dentist’s chair. My become conservationists
brother never checks his exam answers carefully! 7a
It’s important to talk politely to strangers. 1 a 2 b 3 c 4 c 5 c
I’m going to secretly organize a party for my
parents’ wedding anniversary. lO M oARcP SD| 4531 5597
I’ve suddenly had a brilliant idea!
nurse: not well-paid, quite stressful, enjoyable 5
4a Will a robot take your job?
1 lake 2 swimming pool 3 river 4 waterfall
Also, for example: ocean, sea, stream, reser- 2 voir, pond, canal 1 work
Students’ own answers for examples of 2 job names for each one. 3 work 4 work 6 5 work
Students’ own answers – it can vary greatly 6 work
depending on each person’s point of view. 7 jobs 8 work UNIT 4 5 1 Example answers
electrician: possibly – ‘Electricians (65 per
The children seem to be shouting at people in cent)’ probability
the vehicle behind them. Games could engineer: no
involve hiding then jumping up at the window nurse: no
to sur-prise people, or shouting at people to office worker: yes surprise them.
taxi driver: possibly – ‘taxi drivers (57 per cent)’ probability 3 teacher: no
Positive: challenging, enjoyable, exciting, re- telephone salesperson: yes sponsible, well-paid
Negative: badly paid, boring, dangerous, dirty, 6 stressful 1 jobs in factories
Words that could be used to describe the jobs
2 how likely 350 different professions are to
in Exercise 2: ballerina: stressful, challenging lose their job
film star: exciting, well-paid to a robot
firefighter: dangerous, dirty, responsible
3 work that is routine or involves handling
footballer: exciting, well-paid
small objects; jobs that involve helping other
pilot: dangerous, responsible, well-paid
people or having original ideas
police officer: dangerous, responsible
rock star: exciting, well-paid 7
scientist: enjoyable, exciting
1 There will certainly be more factories in the
train driver: badly paid, responsible
future where all the work is done by robots. vet: responsible, challenging
2 35 per cent of UK jobs might go to robots in the next twenty years. 4
3 Engineers won’t be at risk of losing their Speaker 1 jobs to robots.
1 superhero or fireman (firefighter)
4 One global taxi company says driverless tax- 2 office worker
is will be on every street corner eventually.
3 fireman: exciting, dangerous, dirty, challeng-
However, a spokesperson for London taxi ing
drivers isn’t convinced. ‘It won’t happen. Speaker 2
Driverless cars will never be able to work on 1 train driver
roads at the same time as normal vehicles.’ 2 accountant
3 train driver: in charge, responsible 8
accountant: not very exciting, not as boring as
... it's hard to think of a job that a computer many people think it is won’t be able to do. Speaker 3
... there are already some factories where all 1 footballer
the work is done by robots, and there will cer- 2 nurse tainly be more in the future.
3 footballer: well-paid, famous
... 35 per cent of UK jobs might go to robots ... lO M oARcP SD| 4531 5597
... work that is repetitive or involves handling 6 won’t
small objects will be at risk of automation.
... jobs that involve helping other people or 11
having original ideas will probably always 1 won’t need people. 2 might
So journalists, nurses, engineers and teachers 3 mightn’t won’t be at risk ... 4 will
... office workers and telephone salespeople 5 won’t may not be so lucky. 6 won’t
One global taxi company says driverless taxis
will be on every street corner eventually. It 12 Example answers won’t happen.
1 My English exam results will probably be
Driverless cars will never be able to work on
good because I’ve worked hard / had a really
roads at the same time as normal vehicles. good teacher.
2 Finding a good job probably won’t be easy
Answers to Grammar Summary exercises
because there is a lot of unemployment in the country at the moment. 1
3 People’s salaries might go down in the next 1 might go
few years because the economy isn’t strong. 2 James will definitely be
4 Unemployment will probably get better be- 3 She won’t spend
cause a new factory has been opened in the 4 may not pass town. 5 you’ll find
5 Environmental problems may get worse be- 6 probably won’t like
cause people continue to use fossil fuels. 7 you’ll be able
6 The amount of free time we have will cer- 8 Robots will
tainly go up because the government intends to cut the working week. 2
1 It’ll snow at the weekend. 13
2 My friend definitely won’t pay for our meal. Students’ own answers 3 The shop will be open. Here are some possibilities:
4 They certainly won’t forget their holiday.
I might do a degree in science. I’ve always
5 She won’t be able to find our house.
been interested in that subject.
6 We’ll be able to finish the report today.
I might get a cat. My daughter wants one.
I probably won’t get married. I don’t have a 3 boyfriend right now! 1 may/might; ’ll
I’ll definitely look for a job. I’m not happy 2 won’t; ’ll where I am at the moment.
3 will be able to; may/might be able to
I may make new friends on this course. There 4 may/might
are some really nice people in the class. 5 won’t be able to
We’ll probably move house. We want to move 6 may/might; won’t to the coast.
I probably won’t travel to a foreign country. I don’t have much money. 9
35 per cent of UK jobs might go to robots 4b What’s next?
office workers and telephone salespeople may not be so lucky. 1
Students’ own ideas. Some possibilities: 10
I got good exam results, so I think I’ll graduate 1 will
with a good degree. Then I’ll do a training 2 will course in management. 3 may
I’ll retake my exams, and hopefully, if I pass, 4 might
I’ll go to college or become an apprentice. I’ve 5 will
always wanted to be an electrician. lO M oARcP SD| 4531 5597 4 Example answers
are going to work as teachers; My friend is
A: she is wearing a headscarf and is likely to
going to continue her studies in the United
be in/from a Muslim country, or from a Mus- States; I’m going to
lim community; works in a petrol station stay here in the city
B: looks European; older; works in a
cheese shop or a cheese stall in a market; 10 perhaps Dutch or German 1 d 2 b 3 a 4 c
C: a group of young Muslim women; they
seem to be graduating from college or univer-
Answers to Grammar Summary exercises sity 11 5 1 I’m going to take 1 works 2 I’m starting 2 a nurse 3 I’m doing 3 has a job 4 starts 4 leave her job 5 they are going to do 5 graduated from university 6 We’re meeting 6 stay in Kabul 7 I’ll send 6 12
1 Devi isn’t going to stay in this job forever.
1 I’m going to take (a plan)
2 Devi is taking an exam next month.
2 I’ll help (a spontaneous intention or offer)
3 Elisabeth is going to start her own business.
3 she’s getting married (an arrangement –
4 Elisabeth is meeting the bank manager on planned and put in the diary) Wednesday.
4 Are you going to take it? (a question about
5 Sahera’s friend is going to study in the
what someone’s plan or intention is) Unit-ed States.
5 I’m going (to go) (This could be an ar-
6 Sahera’s friend is leaving Kabul next week.
rangement: I’ve arranged to go… or a plan: I
intend to go…. Native speakers are likely to 7
choose the present continuous as it’s shorter.
Devi and Elisabeth have decided what to do.
Speakers tend to avoid saying I’m going to go Sahera hasn’t yet.
or I’m going to come.)
6 I’ll open (a spontaneous intention – an offer) 8 1 It starts in January. 4c A better life?
2 I suppose I’ll tell him soon.
3 I’m taking the entrance exam next month. 1 Example answers
4 I’m going to change my job.
The place you go to school: a good school can
help you get good qualifications, make good 9
life choices, and make good friends; if a 1 –
school is good at science, for example, or
2 (will + infinitive for a decision made at the
sport, you are more likely to be interested in time of speaking)
and aspire to be good at these subjects; a good
Just a moment, I’ll get you some; maybe I’ll
teacher can inspire and guide you; discipline at
take some cheese for him to taste; I guess I’ll
school may make you disciplined – or rebel- take some time off lious.
3 (present continuous for an arrangement)
The place you live: living in a city or in the
I’m meeting the bank manager on
country can affect your choices and your atti-
Wednesday; she’s leaving next week
tudes; the people you meet and the role models
4 (going to + infinitive for something already
you have are affected by where you live; in a planned)
poor or dangerous place, you are more likely
I’m going to take the redundancy package
to get involved in crime or have low expecta-
… I’m going to start my own business; Many
tions than in a wealthy, safe place. of the graduates
The career you choose: this affects your
wealth, but also how you feel about yourself lO M oARcP SD| 4531 5597
and others; your career may affect where you
Students may argue that their lives might not
live, what sort of lifestyle you have, whether
be better though (they may fail to get a job, be
you travel or not, who you meet. Your family:
exploited, and they may miss traditional ways
a loving family usually means you are
of life, their family and their friends).
confident and secure; problems with your
family can lead to personal problems; family 6
can help financially and practically in making 1 neutral
good life choices; family can be in-spiring and
2 positive (amazing, brave, quick-moving, a
supportive or can set bad examples and long way provide no support. from home) 3 neutral 2
a paragraph 4 (higher education … 7 Example answers better training …
Here are some sentences that show the au-
a huge number of private courses in a
thor’s overall positive view:
Chinese factory town: English classes, typing
The factory managers prefer to give jobs to
classes, technical classes)
young women because they think they are
b paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 (1: men who have more hard-working.
come from country villages 2: the arrival
A combination of past problems and present-
of the women 3: Every year about ten
day opportunities has created an extremely
million people move to the cities.) motivated population.
c paragraphs 2 and 3 (2: factories built by the
Most people in China have seen their standard
men from the villages; clothes shops and shoe
of living go up in recent years. Chinese shops appear …
schools have been very successful and the lit-
you see public services; 3: human energy …
eracy rate is over 90 per cent.
the brave entrepreneurs, the quick-moving
There’s a huge number of private courses in a
builders …; Every year about ten million peo-
Chinese factory town: English classes, typing
ple move to the cities.)
classes, technical classes. One young man I
know couldn’t read or write when he left his 3
village. He now works in a factory and 1 d 2 e 3 a 4 f 5 b 6 g 7 c
spends a quarter of his wages on training. 4 8
1 F (72 per cent are between the ages of 16 Students’ own answers and 64.)
2 T (Each year about ten million rural Chinese 9 Example answers move to the cities.)
Work with students’ answers as there are so
3 F (So the next step is to develop higher edu- many possibilities.
cation because many people are looking for
Nurses work long hours, people in the adver- better training.)
tising industry get an excellent salary, civil
4 F (In a Chinese factory town, there are many
servants get four weeks’ paid holiday and a
private courses: English classes, typing clas-
generous pension scheme, some office
ses, technical classes.)
workers get flexi-time, there are lots of oppor-
5 T (The nation has become successful by
tunities for promotion in sales and marketing,
making products for overseas consumers.)
doctors and nurses have to work overtime. 5 10 Students’ own answers.
Money: paid holiday, pay rises, salary, pension
The text refers to the ‘materialistic dreams of
scheme, discounts on company products, bo-
the average Chinese worker’ (in general, nuses, wages
peo-ple want to go to urban centres for the
Hours: long hours, flexi-time, overtime, clock-
oppor-tunity to be better paid, have more ing on and off, part-time
possessions, have a better education, have a
Benefits: paid holiday, pension scheme, dis- more exciting life).
counts on company products, free language