Study Guide for Chapter 1 Concepts and Questions | Môn Microbiology - Trường Đại học Quốc tế, Đại học Quốc gia Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh

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MICROBIOLOGY - CHAPTER 1
1. What is microbiology the study of? ○ A) Plants ○ B) Microorganisms ○ C) Animals ○ D) Rocks
2. Which of the following is not a type of microorganism? ○ A) Bacteria ○ B) Fungi ○ C) Fish ○ D) Protozoa
3. Who established the system of scientific nomenclature? ○ A) Pasteur ○ B) Linnaeus ○ C) Escherich ○ D) Watson
4. Which microorganism is primarily responsible for photosynthesis in aquatic environments? ○ A) Fungi ○ B) Bacteria ○ C) Algae ○ D) Protozoa
5. In microbiology, what does the term "symbiosis" mean? ○ A) A harmful relationship
○ B) A competition for resources
○ C) A mutually beneficial relationship ○ D) A genetic alteration
6. Microorganisms can aid in nitrogen fixation. What is nitrogen fixation? ○ A) Production of carbon
○ B) Converting nitrogen from air into a usable form in soil
○ C) Creating oxygen in the atmosphere ○ D) Recycling dead matter
7. Which type of microorganism is known for being acel ular? ○ A) Bacteria ○ B) Fungi ○ C) Algae ○ D) Virus
8. What is a primary application of microbes in medicine? ○ A) Energy production ○ B) Protein synthesis ○ C) Antibiotic production ○ D) None of the above lOMoAR cPSD| 58504431 ○
9. Which of the following processes helps microorganisms recycle nutrients? ○ A) Photosynthesis ○ B) Decomposition ○ C) Nitrogen fixation D) Gene splicing
10. Which part of a microorganism’s name is always capitalized? ○ A) Species ○ B) Genus ○ C) Strain ○ D) Family
11. In microbial taxonomy, which of these rules is correct regarding italics?
○ A) Only genus names are italicized
○ B) Only species names are italicized
○ C) Al taxonomic levels are italicized
○ D) No names are italicized
12. The term "bioremediation" refers to:
○ A) Microbes being used to clean up pollutants
○ B) Microbes causing diseases
○ C) Microbes synthesizing vitamins
○ D) Microbes competing for resources
13. Which of these is not an example of a product made using microbes? ○ A) Insulin ○ B) Bread ○ C) Aspirin ○ D) Soy sauce
14. Which type of microorganism can be used to study genetic changes due to its short generation time? ○ A) Algae ○ B) Bacteria ○ C) Virus ○ D) Fungi
15. "E. coli" is an example of:
○ A) A species name used alone
○ B) A species name preceded by the generic name initial
○ C) A genus name used alone
○ D) A common name for bacteria
16. What term describes the collection of genomes from an entire microbial community? ○ A) Metabolism ○ B) Metagenomics ○ C) Nomenclature ○ D) Microbial cycling
17. What is the main purpose of aseptic techniques in a laboratory? lOMoAR cPSD| 58504431 ○
○ A) To accelerate bacterial growth
○ B) To prevent contamination
○ C) To enhance genetic mutations
○ D) To improve nutrient cycling
18. "Archaea" differ from "Bacteria" mainly in: ○ A) Shape
○ B) Nutritional requirements ○ C) Cell wall composition
○ D) Ability to cause disease
19. Which of the following is a mutualistic relationship in the human body?
A) Gut bacteria assisting in digestion
○ B) Streptococcus infection
○ C) Influenza virus in the lungs ○ D)
Skin cells protecting against UV rays
20. The plural of "medium" in microbiology is: ○ A) Mediums ○ B) Media ○ C) Mediumies ○ D) Mediumae
21. What role do microbes play in nutrient cycling?
○ A) Breaking down pollutants
○ B) Decomposing dead matter to release essential nutrients
○ C) Splicing genes for biotechnology ○
D) Assisting in human immune responses
22. The term “sp.” is used to indicate: ○ A) Multiple strains ○ B) An unknown strain ○ C) A particular species ○ D) Multiple species
23. Which microbes are noted for both producing and consuming greenhouse gases, impacting climate patterns? ○ A) Algae ○ B) Fungi ○ C) Archaea ○ D) Bacteria
24. A major reason for the use of Latin in scientific nomenclature is:
○ A) It was the language of the church
○ B) Its global, unchanging nature ○ C) Ease of pronunciation ○ D) Linnaeus spoke Latin
25. What role do gut microbiota play in human health?
○ A) They help with food spoilage
○ B) They increase susceptibility to disease lOMoAR cPSD| 58504431 ○
○ C) They aid in digestion and vitamin synthesis
○ D) They compete with viruses
26. Which microorganism type is known for its role in antibiotic synthesis? ○ A) Viruses ○ B) Bacteria ○ C) Archaea ○ D) Algae
27. Which of these groups have organisms without cells (acel ular)? ○ A) Fungi ○ B) Bacteria ○ C) Viruses ○ D) Algae
28. Which term describes the competition among microbes? ○ A) Pathogenesis ○ B) Symbiosis C) Bioremediation ○ D) Microbial antagonism
29. The term “binary names” in microbiology nomenclature refers to:
○ A) Names using both Latin and Greek origins
○ B) Naming involving genus and species levels
○ C) Single-named classifications
○ D) Names only used in written form
30. The genetic material manipulation in microbes for medical purposes is called: ○ A) Antibiotic resistance
○ B) Microbial decomposition ○ C) Genetic engineering ○ D) Pathogen control Short answer questions:
1. Define microbiology and describe its primary focus.
2. Name two beneficial roles of microbes in the environment.
3. What is the purpose of aseptic techniques in a microbiology lab?
4. Explain the difference between "Bacteria" and "Archaea."
5. Why is Latin used in the scientific nomenclature of microorganisms?