lOMoARcPSD|50202050 1
ANH 12 UNIT 2: URBANIZATION Vocabulary
agricultural /ˌæɡrɪˈkʌltʃərəl/ (adj): thuộc về nông nghiệp centralise
/ˈsentrəlaɪz/(v): tập trung cost – effective /ˌkɒst ɪˈfektɪv/(adj): hiệu quả
counter-urbanisation /ˌkaʊntə ˌɜːbənaɪˈzeɪʃn/(n): phản ô thị hóa, dãn dân
densely populated /ˈdensli ˈpɒpjuleɪtɪd/: mật ộ dân số cao down-market
/ˌdaʊnˈmɑːkɪt/(adj): giá rẻ, bình dân down-to-earth /ˌdaʊn tu ˈɜːθ/(adj):
thực tế/ sát thực energy-saving /ˈenədʒi ˈseɪvɪŋ/(adj): tiết kiệm năng
lượng expand /ɪkˈspænd/ (v): mở rộng industrialisation
/ɪnˌdʌstriəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/(n): sự công nghiệp hóa interest-free /ˌɪntrəst ˈfriː/
(adj): không tính lãi kind-hearted /ˌkaɪnd ˈhɑːtɪd/ (adj): tử tế, tốt bụng
long-lasting /ˌlɒŋ ˈlɑːstɪŋ/(adj): kéo dài migrate /maɪˈɡreɪt/(v): di cư
mindset /ˈmaɪndset/ (n): ịnh kiến overload /ˌəʊvəˈləʊd/ (v): làm cho quá
tải sanitation /ˌsænɪˈteɪʃn/(n): vệ sinh self-motivated /ˌself ˈməʊtɪveɪtɪd/
(adj): tự tạo ộng lực slum /slʌm/(n): nhà ổ chuột infrastructure (n)
/ˈɪn.frəˌstrʌk.tʃər/: cơ sở hạ tầng time-consuming /ˈtaɪm kənsjuːmɪŋ/(adj):
tốn thời gian thought-provoking /ˈθɔːt prəvəʊkɪŋ/ (adj): áng ể suy nghĩ
unemployment /ˌʌnɪmˈplɔɪmənt/(n): tình trạng thất nghiệp upmarket
/ˌʌpˈmɑːkɪt/ (adj): ắt tiền, xa xỉ urbanization /ˌɜːbənaɪˈzeɪʃn/(n): ô thị
hóa weather-beaten /ˈweðə biːtn/ (adj): dãi dầu sương gió well-
established /ˌwel ɪˈstæblɪʃt/ (adj): ược hình thành từ lâu, có tiếng tăm lOMoARcPSD|50202050 2 Quiz
Fill in the blanks with the words from the box weather-beaten industrial slum urban area infrastructure densely populated
1. Polluted smoke released from _________ zones causes harmful effects on local people’s health.
2. Although life in the___________ offers me with lots of entertainment, comfort and
convenience, I prefer to live in the rural area because of its fresh air and simplicity
3. More money is needed to maintain the city’s ______________.
4. The fisherman had a ______________ face.
5. The fear is that a resurgence of Medieval disease’s like Leprosy and Typhus could occur in
a ________________ area like Los Angeles County.
6. This house would be an absolute ______ if I wasn't here to clean it.
Grammar: The subjunctive in that- clauses after certain verbs and expressions.
1. Cấu trúc “that……. should” với ộng từ Động từ Cấu trúc Ví dụ suggest, advise, ask, S1 + V1 (that)+ My father insists that my demand, insist, require, brother (should) work on the order, request, recommend, • S2 + (should) V.inf farm. urge, propose… (CĐ) They propose that a new
• S2 + (should) be PII bridge (should) be built. (BĐ). lOMoARcPSD|50202050 3
2. Cấu trúc “that ……. should” với tính từ Tính từ Cấu trúc Ví dụ important, essential, It+ to be + adj+ that + It is vital that people crucial, advised, (should) protect the imperative, vital, necessary, • S2 + (should) V.inf (CĐ) environment. required,…..
• S2 + (should) be PII (BĐ) It is essential that young people (should) be told the truth about city life. Quiz
1. It is crucial that urban people ______ rural people. A. not look down on B. not looking down on
2. They proposed that the theatre _______ to make way for a new shopping center. A. be demolished B. was demolished PRACTICE
Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined 1. A. expand B. centralize C. densely D. energy 2. A. fluctuate B. sanitation C. established D. steadily
Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others 3. A. expand B. migrate C. effect D. double 4. A. initiative B. necessary C. discriminate D. authority
Choose the correct answer for the questions
5. ______ is what shaped our cities into what they are today. A. Electrification
B. Industrialization C. Determination D. Urbanization
6. The lack of running water, ______ and inadequate housing leads to deadly conditions in the
slums in many cities in Africa. lOMoARcPSD|50202050 4 A. sanitation B. irrigation C. urbanization D. industrialization
7. ________ are urban areas that are heavily populated with substandard housing and very poor living conditions. A. Huts B. Tents C. Slums D. Cottages
8. If you don’t ________ this opportunity, you might not get another one. A. catch B. grab C. capture D. hold
9. You may find you’ve got so many things to think about that it’s difficult to ______. A. see off B. put off C. turn it off D. switch off
10. I can’t stand _______ people who are not tolerant of new ideas. A. narrow-mind B. narrow-minded C. minded-narrow D. narrow-minding
11. He asked the reporters to provide him with _______ numbers on urban percentages. A. dated B. up-to-minute C. out-of-date D. up-to-date
12. ______ and poverty force people to engage in anti-social activities. A. Employees B. Employment C. Unemployment D. Jobs
13. Traffic congestion has become a major issue, while schools and hospitals are _______. A. overbearing B. overdone C. overdeveloped D. overloaded
14. The UK is considering the proposal that it ____ compensations for damages of the Indian embassy. A. been paying B. is paying C. paid D. pay
15. Mary demanded that the heater____ immediately. Her apartment was freezing. A. repaired B. be repaired C. being repaired D. been repaired
16. The monk insisted that the tourists ____ the temple until they had removed their shoes. A. not enter B. not entering C. not to enter D. to not enter
Choose the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s)
17. She's a down-to-earth woman with no pretensions. lOMoARcPSD|50202050 5 A. ambitious B. creative C. idealistic D. practical
18. Polish artist Pawel Kuzinsky creates satirical paintings filled with thought-provoking messages about the world. A. inspirational B. provocative C. stimulating D. universal
Find the mistakes which need correcting
19. Overpopulation is an undesirable condition where the number of existing human population
exceeding the carrying capacity of Earth. A. where B. existing C. exceeding D. of
20. Because of severe asthma attacks, the doctor suggested his patient to stop smoking. A. Because of B. attacks C. suggested D. to stop
Choose the correct answer
Urbanization is a process (21) _____ populations move from rural to urban area, enabling cities
and towns to grow. It can also be termed as the progressive (22) _____ of the number of people
living in towns and cities. It is highly (23) ______ by the notion that cities and towns have
achieved better economic, political, and social (24) _______ compared (25) _____ the rural areas. 21. A. which B. by which C. of which D. in which 22. A. rising B. increase C. raise D. drop 23. A. caused B. changed C. influenced D. altered
24. A. achievements B. success C. trends D. differences 25. A. by B. to C. on D. for
Read the following passage and choose the correct answer.
When Vu Thi Linh moved her family from their spacious rural home to a tiny rented room in
Hanoi, she hoped her children would be able to get the education she never had.
Her family are among hundreds of thousands of people moving to Vietnam's bulging capital
and southern Ho Chi Minh City every year, part of what the World Bank says is one of the
fastest rates of urbanization in Asia.
But as economic growth accelerates, Vietnam's cities are struggling to cope with the huge
numbers of people abandoning the grind of country life, while only the elderly and the young lOMoARcPSD|50202050 6
are left in the villages. Some 70 percent of the 90 million-strong population still lives off
farming in rural areas, many move to the cities to work in export-orientated manufacturing --
often in industrial zones on the outskirts of big urban centers -- construction and services. For
many of these new arrivals, life is not easy. Vietnam now has 30 million people living in cities,
making it the sixth most urbanized country in East Asia.
Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City have been struggling to build enough infrastructure -- roads, water
supplies and drainage can hardly keep pace with the city's growth. Traffic congestion has
become a major issue, while schools and hospitals are overloaded, experts say. In Ho Chi Minh
City, some 85,000 new pupils enter the schooling system each year and, in some areas, up to
half of these may be from other provinces. The new arrivals – mostly students and unskilled
workers bring benefits, but also put pressure on culture, education, traffic and health care.
26. The reason why Mrs. Linh family moved to Hanoi was _____
A. to abandon her country house
B. to get a decent job to support her children
C. to further her children’s education
D. to take part in the process of urbanization
27. All of the following are the issues of urbanization EXCEPT that ______
A. most of them are not very qualified or experienced
B. the migrants take away jobs from people in cities
C. there are more pressure on infrastructure
D. there may not be enough labor force in the countryside
28. Most people moving to the city ______
A. earn a lot of money because they work hard
B. try to build enough infrastructure to cope with congestion
C. still live on farming in rural areas
D. work in industrial zones, construction and services
29. In Vietnam, urban population accounts for _______ A. about 30,000 percent B. 90 million C. 70 percent D. 85,000 lOMoARcPSD|50202050 7
30. Urbanization in Vietnam has made _______
A. it the sixth most urbanized country in Southeast Vietnam
B. infrastructure unable keep up with the city’s growth
C. only negative effects in the nation and the cities
D. the city overloaded with schools and hospitals