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  lOMoAR cPSD| 58583460 Appendix 2 
Tables of Statistical Distributions 
Table A2.1 Normal critical values for different values of α  α  0.4  0.25  0.2  0.15  0.1  0.05  0.025  0.0  Zα 
 .2533 .6745 .8416 1.0364 1.2816 1.6449 1.9600 2.3 
Source: Author’s computation using the NORMDIST function in Excel. 
Table A2.2 Critical values of Student’s t-distribution for different probability 
levels, α and degrees of freedom, ν  α     0.4  0.25  0.15  0.1  0.05  0.025  0.01  ν                  1  0.324 1.000 1.962 3.077 6.313 12.706 31.820   9  0  6  7  8  2  5  2  0.288 0.816 1.386 1.885 2.920 4.3027  6.9646    7  5  2  6  0  3  0.276 0.764 1.249 1.637 2.353 3.1824  4.5407    7  9  8  7  4  4  0.270 0.740 1.189 1.533 2.131 2.7764  3.7469    7  7  6  2  8  5  0.267 0.726 1.155 1.475 2.015 2.5706  3.3649    2  7  8  9  0  6  0.264 0.717 1.134 1.439 1.943 2.4469  3.1427    8  6  2  8  2  7  0.263 0.711 1.119 1.414 1.894 2.3646  2.9980    2  1  2  9  6      lOMoAR cPSD| 58583460 8  0.261 0.706 1.108 1.396 1.859 2.3060  2.8965    9  4  1  8  5  9  0.261 0.702 1.099 1.383 1.833 2.2622  2.8214    0  7  7  0  1  1 0.260 0.699 1.093 1.372 1.812 2.2281  2.7638    0  2  8  1  2  5  1 0.259 0.697 1.087 1.363 1.795 2.2010  2.7181    1  6  4  7  4  9  1 0.259 0.695 1.083 1.356 1.782 2.1788  2.6810    2  0  5  2  2  3    13 
0.2586 0.6938 1.0795 1.3502 1.7709 2.1604 2.6503  14 
0.2582 0.6924 1.0763 1.3450 1.7613 2.1448 2.6245  15 
0.2579 0.6912 1.0735 1.3406 1.7531 2.1314 2.6025  16 
0.2576 0.6901 1.0711 1.3368 1.7459 2.1199 2.5835  17 
0.2573 0.6892 1.0690 1.3334 1.7396 2.1098 2.5669  18 
0.2571 0.6884 1.0672 1.3304 1.7341 2.1009 2.5524  19 
0.2569 0.6876 1.0655 1.3277 1.7291 2.0930 2.5395  20 
0.2567 0.6870 1.0640 1.3253 1.7247 2.0860 2.5280  21 
0.2566 0.6864 1.0627 1.3232 1.7207 2.0796 2.5176  22 
0.2564 0.6858 1.0614 1.3212 1.7171 2.0739 2.5083  23 
0.2563 0.6853 1.0603 1.3195 1.7139 2.0687 2.4999  24 
0.2562 0.6848 1.0593 1.3178 1.7109 2.0639 2.4922  25 
0.2561 0.6844 1.0584 1.3163 1.7081 2.0595 2.4851  26 
0.2560 0.6840 1.0575 1.3150 1.7056 2.0555 2.4786  27 
0.2559 0.6837 1.0567 1.3137 1.7033 2.0518 2.4727      lOMoAR cPSD| 58583460 28 
0.2558 0.6834 1.0560 1.3125 1.7011 2.0484 2.4671  29 
0.2557 0.6830 1.0553 1.3114 1.6991 2.0452 2.4620  30 
0.2556 0.6828 1.0547 1.3104 1.6973 2.0423 2.4573  35 
0.2553 0.6816 1.0520 1.3062 1.6896 2.0301 2.4377  40 
0.2550 0.6807 1.0500 1.3031 1.6839 2.0211 2.4233  45 
0.2549 0.6800 1.0485 1.3006 1.6794 2.0141 2.4121  50 
0.2547 0.6794 1.0473 1.2987 1.6759 2.0086 2.4033  60 
0.2545 0.6786 1.0455 1.2958 1.6706 2.0003 2.3901  70 
0.2543 0.6780 1.0442 1.2938 1.6669 1.9944 2.3808  80 
0.2542 0.6776 1.0432 1.2922 1.6641 1.9901 2.3739  90 
0.2541 0.6772 1.0424 1.2910 1.6620 1.9867 2.3685 
100 0.2540 0.6770 1.0418 1.2901 1.6602 1.9840 2.3642                   
120 0.2539 0.6765 1.0409 1.2886 1.6577 1.9799 2.3578 
150 0.2538 0.6761 1.0400 1.2872 1.6551 1.9759 2.3515   
200 0.2537 0.6757 1.0391 1.2858 1.6525 1.9719 2.3451 
300 0.2536 0.6753 1.0382 1.2844 1.6499 1.9679 2.3388  ∞ 
0.2533 0.6745 1.0364 1.2816 1.6449 1.9600 2.3263 
Source: Author’s own computation using the TINV function in Excel.      lOMoAR cPSD| 58583460
Table A2.3 Upper 5% critical values for F-distribution   
Source: Author’s own computation using the Excel FINV function.      lOMoAR cPSD| 58583460
Table A2.4 Upper 1% critical values for F-distribution   
Source: Author’s own computation using the Excel CHIINV function.      lOMoAR cPSD| 58583460
Table 2.5 Chi-squared critical values for different values of α and degrees of  freedom, ν     
Source: Author’s own computation using the Excel CHIINV function. 
Table A2.6 Lower and upper 1% critical values for the Durbin–Watson  statistic    k′ = 1  k′ = 2  k′ = 3  k′ = 4  k′ = 5      lOMoAR cPSD| 58583460 T  dL  dU  dL  dU  dL  dU  dL  dU  dL  dU  15  0.8 1.0 0.7 1.2 0.5 1.4 0.4 1.7 0.3 1.9 1  7  0  5  9  6  9  0  9  6  16  0.8 1.0 0.7 1.2 0.6 1.4 0.5 1.6 0.4 1.9 4  9  4  5  3  4  3  6  4  0  17  0.8 1.1 0.7 1.2 0.6 1.4 0.5 1.6 0.4 1.8 7  0  7  5  7  3  7  3  8  5  18  0.9 1.1 0.8 1.2 0.7 1.4 0.6 1.6 0.5 1.8 0  2  0  6  1  2  1  0  2  0  19  0.9 1.1 0.8 1.2 0.7 1.4 0.6 1.5 0.5 1.7 3  3  3  6  4  1  5  8  6  7  20  0.9 1.1 0.8 1.2 0.7 1.4 0.6 1.5 0.6 1.7 5  5  6  7  7  1  8  7  0  4  21  0.9 1.1 0.8 1.2 0.8 1.4 0.7 1.5 0.6 1.7 7  6  9  7  0  1  2  5  3  1  22  1.0 1.1 0.9 1.2 0.8 1.4 0.7 1.5 0.6 1.6 0  7  1  8  3  0  5  4  6  9  23  1.0 1.1 0.9 1.2 0.8 1.4 0.7 1.5 0.7 1.6 2  9  4  9  6  0  7  3  0  7  24  1.0 1.2 0.9 1.3 0.8 1.4 0.8 1.5 0.7 1.6 4  0  6  0  8  1  0  3  2  6  25  1.0 1.2 0.9 1.3 0.9 1.4 0.8 1.5 0.7 1.6 5  1  8  0  0  1  3  2  5  5                        26  1.0 1.2 1.0 1.3 0.9 1.4 0.8 1.5 0.7 1.6 7  2  0  1  3  1  5  2  8  4  27  1.0 1.2 1.0 1.3 0.9 1.4 0.8 1.5 0.8 1.6 9  3  2  2  5  1  8  1  1  3  28  1.1 1.2 1.0 1.3 0.9 1.4 0.9 1.5 0.8 1.6 0  4  4  2  7  1  0  1  3  2  29  1.1 1.2 1.0 1.3 0.9 1.4 0.9 1.5 0.8 1.6 2  5  5  3  9  2  2  1  5  1      lOMoAR cPSD| 58583460 30  1.1 1.2 1.0 1.3 1.0 1.4 0.9 1.5 0.8 1.6 3  6  7  4  1  2  4  1  8  1  31  1.1 1.2 1.0 1.3 1.0 1.4 0.9 1.5 0.9 1.6 5  7  8  4  2  2  6  1  0  0  32  1.1 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.0 1.4 0.9 1.5 0.9 1.6 6  8  0  5  4  3  8  1  2  0  33  1.1 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.0 1.4 1.0 1.5 0.9 1.5 7  9  1  6  5  3  0  1  4  9  34  1.1 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.0 1.4 1.0 1.5 0.9 1.5 8  0  3  6  7  3  1  1  5  9  35  1.1 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.0 1.4 1.0 1.5 0.9 1.5 9  1  4  7  8  4  3  1  7  9  36  1.2 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.4 1.0 1.5 0.9 1.5 1  2  5  8  0  4  4  1  9  9  37  1.2 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.4 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.5 2  2  6  8  1  5  6  1  0  9  38  1.2 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.4 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.5 3  3  8  9  2  5  7  2  2  8  39  1.2 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.4 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.5 4  4  9  9  4  5  9  2  3  8  40  1.2 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.1 1.4 1.1 1.5 1.0 1.5 5  4  0  0  5  6  0  2  5  8  45  1.2 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.1 1.5 1.1 1.5 9  8  4  2  0  8  6  3  1  8  50  1.3 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.5 1.1 1.5 2  0  8  5  4  9  0  4  6  9  55  1.3 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.5 1.2 1.5 1.2 1.5 6  3  2  7  8  1  5  5  1  9  60  1.3 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.2 1.5 1.2 1.6 8  5  5  8  2  2  8  6  5  0  65  1.4 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.2 1.6 1  7  8  0  5  3  1  7  8  1      lOMoAR cPSD| 58583460 70  1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.6 3  9  0  2  7  5  4  8  1  1  75  1.4 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.6 5  0  2  3  9  6  7  9  4  2  80  1.4 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.6 1.3 1.6 7  2  4  4  2  7  9  0  6  2  85  1.4 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.3 1.6 8  3  6  5  3  8  1  0  9  3  90  1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.6 0  4  7  6  5  9  3  1  1  4  95  1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.6 1  5  9  7  7  0  5  2  2  4  10 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.6 0  2  6  0  8  8  0  6  3  4  5 
Note: T, number of observations; k′, number of explanatory variables (excluding a  constant term). 
Source: Durbin and Watson (1951): 159–77. Reprinted with the permission of Oxford  University Press. 
Table A2.7 Dickey–Fuller critical values for different significance levels, α  Sample  0.01  0.025  0.05  0.10  size T  τ            25  −2.66  −2.26  −1.95  −1.60   50  −2.62  −2.25  −1.95  −1.61  100  −2.60  −2.24  −1.95  −1.61  250  −2.58  −2.23  −1.95  −1.62  500  −2.58  −2.23  −1.95  −1.62  ∞  −2.58  −2.23  −1.95  −1.62      lOMoAR cPSD| 58583460         τμ   25  −3.75  −3.33  −3.00  −2.63   50  −3.58  −3.22  −2.93  −2.60  100  −3.51  −3.17  −2.89  −2.58  250  −3.46  −3.14  −2.88  −2.57  500  −3.44  −3.13  −2.87  −2.57  ∞  −3.43  −3.12  −2.86  −2.57          ττ   25  −4.38  −3.95  −3.60  −3.24   50  −4.15  −3.80  −3.50  −3.18  100  −4.04  −3.73  −3.45  −3.15  250  −3.99  −3.69  −3.43  −3.13  500  −3.98  −3.68  −3.42  −3.13  ∞  −3.96  −3.66  −3.41  −3.12 
Source: Fuller (1976). Reprinted with the permission of John Wiley and Sons. 
Table A2.8 Critical values for the Engle–Granger cointegration test on 
regression residuals with no constant in test regression  Number  of  variables in  Sample  system  size T  0.01  0.05  0.10     50  −4.32  −3.67  −3.28  2  100  −4.07  −3.37  −3.03      lOMoAR cPSD| 58583460   200  −4.00  −3.37  −3.02     50  −4.84  −4.11  −3.73  3  100  −4.45  −3.93  −3.59    200  −4.35  −3.78  −3.47     50  −4.94  −4.35  −4.02  4  100  −4.75  −4.22  −3.89    200  −4.70  −4.18  −3.89     50  −5.41  −4.76  −4.42  5  100  −5.18  −4.58  −4.26    200  −5.02  −4.48  −4.18 
Source: Engle and Granger (1987). Reprinted with the permission of Elsevier.      lOMoAR cPSD| 58583460
Table A2.9 Quantiles of the asymptotic distribution of the Johansen 
cointegration rank test statistics (constant in cointegrating vectors only)   
Source: Osterwald-Lenum (1992, Table 1*). Reprinted with the permission of Blackwell  Publishers.      lOMoAR cPSD| 58583460
Table A2.10 Quantiles of the asymptotic distribution of the Johansen 
cointegration rank test statistics (constant, i.e., a drift only in VAR and in  cointegrating vector)   
Source: Osterwald-Lenum (1992, Table 1). Reprinted with the permission of Blackwell  Publishers.      lOMoAR cPSD| 58583460
Table A2.11 Quantiles of the asymptotic distribution of the Johansen 
cointegration rank test statistics (constant in cointegrating vector and VAR, 
trend in cointegrating vector)   
Source: Osterwald-Lenum (1992, Table 2*). Reprinted with the permission of Blackwell  Publishers.